Changing Minds by Howard Gadner

8/3/2019 Changing Minds by Howard Gadner

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BY

MOHIT KUMAR GUPTA -11031

SHASHANK CHAUDHARY-11049


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INTRODUCTION

y Howard Gardner, was a leading psychologist atHarvard university

y He offered a framework for understanding exactlywhat happened during the process of changing a mind

yA analysis with special reference to changing minds

y The author thought that primary audience will bereaders in education and psychology

y

The primary readers were business people


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y The author was surprised when he received a call fromRalph Nader who was campaigning for presidency andthe campaign had not been going well.

y The caller said that Nader was interested in changingof minds of public and press with respect to hiscandidacy.

y He received call from advertising agency, a businessman of restaurant , a high level commission onnational security.


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Seven levers of mind changingy Reason: Identifying relevant factors, weighing each in

turn, and making an overall assessment.

y Research: Needs to identification of relevant cases

and a judgmenty Resonance: An idea resonates to the extent that it

feels right to an individual

y Representational Redescriptions: A change of

mind becomes convincing to the extent that it lendsitself to representation in a number of different forms.


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y Resources and Rewards: Mind change is more likelyto occur when considerable resources can be drawn on.

y Real World Events: An event might occur in thebroader society that affects many individuals as wars

or economic depressionsy Resistances: While it is easy and natural to change

ones mind during the early stage of life and it becomesdifficult to alter ones mind as the time passes.


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IntelligenceyAn intelligence as a bio psychological potential to

process specific forms of information in certain kind of

waysy Human being value different skills and capacities at

various times and under varying conditions.

y It is not the same in all time and places.


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Relevance of intelligence to

changing mindsyA change of minds involves a change of mental

representations.

y IfI change your idea of intelligence, I am altering theidea images concepts and theories by which you areaccustomed to thinking of intelligence.

y The more of an individuals intelligences you can

appeal to when making an argument, the more likelyyou are to change a persons mind and more minds youare likely to change.


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How our minds change

y When we are young, our mind changes with great ease

y We pick up information rapidly

y Our minds change when there is a clash with onesown mind

y When we are young, we encounter individuals who areauthorised to change our minds as parents, relatives,

teachers and the communityy We encounter some agents like representative of our

employer or the legal system who have sufficientpower to change our behaviours and our minds.


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Role of political leaders

in mind changingy Most recognised agents of mind changing are the

political leaders or the top management in theorganisation.

y Political leaders is the person who convince their ownparty members to accept leadership

y They develop policies and convince governmentalbureaucracy and the general public. As Margret

Thatcher, Bill Clintony In the absence of such support, leaders are likely to

face revolt from their own supporters and that result indefeat in the next election.


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Bill Clinton style of Leadershipy Like the Margret Thatcher, U.S. president bill Clinton

provides an example of a political leader

y

He achieved the success largely through theeffectiveness of the stories he told

y Bill Clinton was a genius person in understanding theminds of others

y This interpersonal intelligence made him a successful

leader.y Clinton always tries to learn as much as possible as he

could about every individuals whom he met and to putthis knowledge to use at every opportunity.


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Cisco corporate executive

John Chambery In 1990s, a John Chambers of Cisco was the golden boy

of American business

yJohn Chambers decided that Cisco would participatein the full range of internet materials and services

yJohn Chambers and his associates told the reportersthat the internet will change our lives in ways that

people are just beginning to graspy Indeed at that time Cisco was considered a highest

valued company in the world and the period wasconsidered as second industrial revolution.


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y The dotcom phenomenon came to an abrupt end and

even larger and established companies had to suffer.

y Cisco had to lay off a significant number of employees.Its high capitalization abruptly dropped by 80%.

y In terms of seven levers for changing minds, Cisco wasaffected by real world events that is dot com crash

yJohn Chambers did not pay enough attention to thelong term research about business cycles.

y M

oreover Chambers underestimated the resistanceshe faced.


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Role played by indirect leadersy Our minds also changes by the works that a person

creates rather than by his or her direct words or acts

yKarl Marx was not a leader, yet his writing exertedenormous influence on political events

y Take the example of Albert Einstein in physics andCharles Darwin in Biology.

y Their creative works have changed our minds andperception of world.


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Role played by schools

in changing mindsy Schools are the key to investigation because they are

the institutions that have been charged with the

changing of minds.y The schools help the student to achieve mental skills.

y Gardner describe about school education to illustratethe mind changing properties.

y Schools are involved in the mind changing at the mostbasic level in helping youngsters to progress learningthrough observations.


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Changing ones own mindy We want to change our owns minds

y Something happens in our mental life that warrants a

changey U.S. president George W. bush also changed his minds

and foreign policy after terrorist attack in 2001


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The future of minds changingy Human being are the only ones who can change the

minds of others and as well as our minds

yBasically mind change is the alterations of our mentalrepresentations

y Mental representations have a content

y These content are ideas, concepts, skills, stories

y In the coming time mind changing will continue andnew forms will emerge

Documents

Changing Minds by Howard Gadner