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Slides from the workshop on the transition to MARC21 held at venues across the UK during autumn 2002
The workshop was organised by
BIC Bibliographic Standards Technical Subgroup
The British Library
CILIP Cataloguing & Indexing Group
Scottish Library & Information Council
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Purpose of the workshop
To raise awareness of the transition to MARC 21
To identify strategic and technical issues arising from MARC 21implementation
To introduce MARC 21 to UKMARC users:
• Structural differences• Cataloguing impacts
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Overview
Transition to MARC 21
• Timing the change• Systems issues• Business issues• Migration issues• Discussion
MARC 21 and UKMARC• Maintenance• Record structure• Format comparisons• Cataloguing implications• Discussion
Part 1. Transition to MARC 21
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Why MARC 21?
Cost:
• Shared format development/maintenance costs• Reduced systems costs and increased choice• Bigger user base• Access to experienced developers
Interoperability
• National formats impede exchange of data• Shared cataloguing• Z39.50• Wider access• Common development platform
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Timing the change: national factors
British Library switch to MARC 21 is linked to ILS implementation– Provisional date is early 2004
British Library has committed to support UKMARC for 3 years after cutover date
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Timing the change: local factors
System procurement cycle
System supplier
Resources
Parent bodies / partners / collaborators
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Systems issues
InteroperabilityImport/ExportCharacter setsConversion routinesOPAC displayRetrieval / Indexing
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Business issues
CooperationRecord supplyTraining
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Migration issues
Types of data
Principles
UKMARC data mapping
Character set conversion
De-duplication
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Types of data
Bibliographic data
Authority data
Acquisitions data
Holdings data
Circulation data
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Migration principles
Creed
• Resources• Involve the business• Work with your supplier• Know your data
Catechism
• Which data are essential?• Can they be extracted?• How much data do you need?• Whose data is it anyway?• Where does the data go?• What is it used for?
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Data mapping (1)
Comprehensive UKMARC/MARC 21 mapping (conversion tables)available from the BL
USEMARCON software available from the BL
Local implementations of UKMARC may diverge from the standard
Know your data!
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Data mapping (2)
Getting to know your data:
Evaluation tools
File statistics
Local manuals
Past practice
Document your decisions
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Data mapping (3)
The BL mapping does not support:
Invalid record structures
Local fields, subfields and coded values
Sub-directories/sub-records
Embedded references
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Character sets
UKMARC• British Library Exchange Character Set (BLECS)• Mappings from BLECS• Check your character set
MARC 21• MARC-8 (8-bit encoding)• UCS/UNICODE (ISO/IEC 10646)• UTF-8 (8/16 bit encoding)• Repertoire of 15,000+ characters• Latin; Cyrillic; Hebrew; Arabic; CJK
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De-duplication (1)
• Is it necessary for you?• Integrating different systems• Integrating different collections/catalogues• Bibliographic data• Acquisitions data, e.g. vendor records• Understand data migration options
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De-duplication (2)
Matching criteria• System numbers• Standard numbers
Validation• Textual data• Coded data
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De-duplication (3)
Matching criteria• System numbers• Standard numbers
Validation• Textual data• Coded data
Actions on matched records
• Overwrite/Replace• Loss of data
• Merge• Complex rules
• Other options• Special rules for controlled fields• Identify “potential matches”
Part 2. MARC 21 and UKMARC
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Overview
Transition to MARC 21
• Timing the change• Systems issues• Business issues• Migration Issues• Discussion
MARC 21 and UKMARC• Maintenance• Format comparisons• Record structure• Cataloguing implications• Discussion
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Format maintenance (1)
National libraries
• Library of Congress• National Library of Canada• British Library
National Consultative Committees• UK: BIC Bibliographic Standards Technical Subgroup
– Proposals to British Library• Canada: Canadian Committee on MARC• USA: MARC Advisory Committee
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Format Maintenance (2)
Maintenance process
• National debate• Discussion paper (January or June)• Proposal (January or June)• Approval (January or June)• Revision issued (November)• Implementation announced (usually 6 months)
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MARC 21: content designation (1)
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
Subfields
Punctuation
Character positions
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MARC 21: content designation (2)
Data blocks 00X Control fields0XX Identification fields1XX Main entry2XX Title3XX Physical description4XX Series5XX Notes6XX Subject7XX Added/Linking entry8XX Cooperation9XX Local Use
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MARC 21: content designation (3)
Data blocks
Tagging
Tags have 3 digits as in UKMARC
Tags are defined independently foreach format
Certain tags may be used in more thanone format, e.g. 852, 856
Not necessarily consistent withUKMARC
XX9, X9X, 9XX reserved for local use.(Exception: 490 Series Statement)
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MARC 21: content designation (4)
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
0-9
a-z (permitted but not used)
# blank = undefined
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MARC 21: content designation (5)
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
Subfields
‡ = Subfield marker
Range: a-z, 0-9
9 is “local”
Control subfields
Consistent use
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MARC 21: content designation (6)
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
Subfields
Punctuation
MARC 21 independent of contentstandards: e.g. AACR2
ISBD punctuation is not generatedfrom subfields - usually
Cataloguers supply
Derived cataloguing/Templates
Short term problem
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MARC 21: content designation (7)
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
Subfields
Punctuation
Character positions
Different numbering conventions
UKMARC by position
first position=1008/01-06 = date entered on file
MARC 21 by displacementfirst position =0008/00-05= date entered on file
Authorities subfield $w
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MARC 21 Family of Formats
Bibliographic
Authority
Holdings
Classification
Community information
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MARC 21 Bibliographic format
A carrier for bibliographic information about printed andmanuscript textual materials, computer files, maps, music, serials,visual materials and mixed materials. Commonly includes titlesnames, subjects, notes, publication data, and information aboutthe physical description of an item.
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MARC 21 Authority format
A carrier for information concerning the authorized forms ofnames, [titles,] subjects, and subject subdivisions to be used inconstructing access points in MARC records, the forms of thesenames, subjects and subdivisions that should be used asreferences to the authorized form, and the relationships amongthese forms.
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MARC 21 Holdings format
A carrier for holdings information for three types of bibliographicitems: single-part; multi-part; serial and may include: copy-specificinformation; information peculiar to the holding institution;information needed for local processing, maintenance orpreservation; version information.
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MARC 21 Classification format
A carrier for information about classification numbers and thecaptions associated with them that are formulated according to aspecified authoritative classification scheme
•Schedule record
•Table record
•Index term record
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MARC 21 Community information format
A carrier for descriptions of non-bibliographic resources that fulfilthe information needs of a community
Individual - A record in which the data pertain to an individual with a particular expertise(e.g., storyteller, civic leader).Organization - A record in which the data pertain to an organization or group (e.g.,corporation, club).Program or service - A record in which the data pertain to an offering or activity whichcarries out the purposes of an organization or group (e.g., driver education, blood bank).Event - A record in which the data pertain to a scheduled happening (e.g., lecture,regularly scheduled meeting).Other - A record in which the data pertain to a kind of community resource notmentioned above. For instance, information about a facility, such as a planetarium on auniversity campus).
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Material types (1)
“a carrier for bibliographic information about printed and manuscript textualmaterials, computer files, maps, music, serials, visual materials and mixedmaterials”
Introduction to MARC 21 Bibliographic Format
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Material types (2)
Record Leader (Label in UKMARC)
• /06 = Type of record
• Language material• Printed music• Manuscript music• Cartographic material• Manuscript cartographic material• Projected medium• Electronic resources• Non-musical sound recording
• Kits, etc.
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Material types (3)
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of material• /07 = Bibliographic Level
Monographic component part
Serial component part
Collection
Sub-unit
Monograph/Item
Serial
[Integrating resource]
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Material types (4)
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of record• /07 = Bibliographic level
Control Field 008
• Fixed length data elements generalinformation
All materials
Books
Computer files
Maps
Music
Serials
Visual materials
Mixed materials
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Material types (5)
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of material• /07 = Bibliographic level
Control Field 008
Control Field 006
• Fixed length data elementsadditional material characteristics -General information
Books
Computer files
Maps
Mixed materials
Music
Serials
Visual materials
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Material types (6)
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of material• /07 = Bibliographic level
Control field 008
Control field 006
Control field 007 -Physical DescriptionFixed Field
General Information
Map
Computer file
Globe
Tactile Material
Projected Graphic
Microform
Non-projected graphic
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Material types (7)
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of material• /07 = Bibliographic level
Control field 008
Control field 006
Control field 007 -Physical DescriptionFixed Field
Motion picture
Kit
Notated Music
Remote sensing image
Sound recording
Text
Video-recording
Unspecified
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“In” Analytics
002 Sub-directory not supported
Added entries
774 “Constituent Unit Entry” LinkingField
• Upward link from constituent unitrecord to host record
• Reciprocal links betweenconstituent units and host
Constituent Part773
Constituent Part773
Constituent Part773
Host Item
Constituent Item773
Constituent Item773
Constituent Item773
Host Item774774774
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Titles
MARC 21
130 Main entry -uniform title
240 Uniform title
243 Collective uniform title
245 Title statement
246 Varying form of title
247 Former title or titlevariations
UKMARC
240.3
240
243
245
745
745
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Multi-parts
No 248 field in MARC 21
Change of cataloguing policy for multi-parts
BL policy not yet finalised, but:
• Future policy not determined by mapping of retrospective data• North American policy will influence UK practice
• Series• Content notes
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Control subfields (1)
$5 Institution to which field applies Indicates that the contents of the fieldrelate to a specific institution only
Contains the MARC Organizationcode
May be used to strip out local data
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Control subfields (2)
$6 Linkage Links fields that are different scriptrepresentations of the sameinformation
Used to link “regular” fields to field880
Reciprocal - Contains identification ofrelated field
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Control subfields (3)
$8 Field link and sequence number Links and sequences fields
Field link type:
• Constituent item• Reproduction
85X-87X holdings
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Non-Roman scripts (1)
MARC 21 enables records to be presented in the script most suited to theaudience
Subject to systems, fonts, printers, etc.
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Non-Roman scripts (model A)
040##$a*** $beng $c***
100 #16880-01 $aZhavoronkov, N. M. $q(Nikolai Mikhailovich)
245 10$6880-02 $aOkhrana okhotnich'ikh zh ivotnykh v SSSR / $cN.M. Zhavoronkov.
250 ##$6880-03 $aIzd. 2-e, perer.
260 ##$6880-04 $aMoskva : $bLesnaíà promyshlennost'., $c1982.
300 ##$a167, [1] p., [16] leaves of plates. : $bco l. ill. ; $c19 cm.
500 ##$aBibliography: p. 167-[168].
650 #0$aAnimals $zSoviet Union.
880 1#$6100-01/(N $a<Name in Cyrillic> $q(<Name in Cyrillic>)
880 10$6245-02/(N $a<Tit le in Cyrillic> / $c<Tit le in Cyrillic>
880 ##$6250-03/(N $a<Edition statement in Cyrillic>.
880 ##$6260-04/(N $a<Place of publication in Cyrillic> : $b<Name of publisher in Cyrillic>, $c1982.
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Non-Roman scripts (model B)
040##$a*** $beng $c***
0411#$arusara
066##$b(N $c(B $c(3
1001#$aRuzhkov, V. I. $q (Viktor Ivanovich)
24500$a<Title in Cyrillic> : $b<Remainder of tit le in Cyrillic> / $c<Statement of responsibility in Cyrillic>
24631$a<Title proper in Arabic>
260##$a<Place o f publicat ion in Cyrillic> : $b<Name of publisher in Cy rillic>, $c1988.
300##$a 536 p. ; $c 21 cm.
650#0$aTechnology $vDict ionaries $xRussian.
650#0$aRussian language $vDict ionaries $xArabic .
7001#$aTkhorzhevskii, L. L. $q(Lev L'vovich)
7001#$aShagal', V. E. $q(Vladimir Eduardovich)
7001#$aMunir, Dawud Sulayman.
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Training providers (1)
Allegro Training1 North End Farm Cottages
CheritonAlresford SO24 0PW
CILIPTraining & Development7 Ridgmount Street
London WC1E 7AE
Contact: Ian Ledsham
Tel: +44 (0) 1962 771719Email: [email protected]
Contact: Penny Simmonds
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7255 0500Email: [email protected]/employ/training.html
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Training providers (2)
OCLC Europe, the Middle East &Africa7th Floor Tricorn House51-53 Hagley Road, EdgbastonBirmingham, B16 8TP
Contact: Stuart Hunt
Tel: +44 (0) 121 456 4656Email: [email protected]: www.oclc.org/europe/
