CHAPTER ONECHAPTER ONE

BIOLOGY AND YOUBIOLOGY AND YOU

THEMES OF BIOLOGYTHEMES OF BIOLOGY

HOW DO WE KNOW AN HOW DO WE KNOW AN ORGANISM IS ALIVE?ORGANISM IS ALIVE?

THEMES OF BIOLOGYTHEMES OF BIOLOGY

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONFUNCTION–SMALLEST UNIT OF SMALLEST UNIT OF LIFELIFE

–SINGLE AND SINGLE AND MULTICELLULAR LIFEMULTICELLULAR LIFE

THEMES OF BIOLOGYTHEMES OF BIOLOGY

REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION–ALL LIVING THINGS ALL LIVING THINGS REPRODUCEREPRODUCE

–ESSENTIAL TO THE ESSENTIAL TO THE SURVIVAL OF THE SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIESSPECIES

THEMES OF BIOLOGYTHEMES OF BIOLOGY

METABOLISMMETABOLISM–ALL THE CHEMICAL RXNS ALL THE CHEMICAL RXNS CARRIED OUT BY THE CARRIED OUT BY THE BODYBODY

–CHEMICAL CHEMICAL RXNS=ENERGY=LIFE RXNS=ENERGY=LIFE PROCESSESPROCESSES

THEMES OF BIOLOGYTHEMES OF BIOLOGY

HOMEOSTASISHOMEOSTASIS–MAINTAINING STABLE MAINTAINING STABLE INTERNAL CONDITIONSINTERNAL CONDITIONS

–CHILLS, SWEATING, CHILLS, SWEATING, FEVERSFEVERS

THEMES OF BIOLOGYTHEMES OF BIOLOGY

HEREDITYHEREDITY–LIVING THINGS PASS LIVING THINGS PASS ON THEIR TRAITS TO ON THEIR TRAITS TO OFFSPRINGOFFSPRING

–LIVING THINGS HAVE LIVING THINGS HAVE GENES/DNAGENES/DNA

THEMES OF BIOLOGYTHEMES OF BIOLOGY

EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION–THE CHANGE IN THE CHANGE IN HERITABLE HERITABLE CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS OVER TIMEOVER TIME

–POPULTAIONS EVOLVEPOPULTAIONS EVOLVE

NATURAL SELECTIONNATURAL SELECTION–NATURE “SELECTS” NATURE “SELECTS” INDIVIDUALS THAT INDIVIDUALS THAT HAVE TRAITS THAT BEST HAVE TRAITS THAT BEST FIT THE FIT THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

–““SURIVIAL OF THE SURIVIAL OF THE FITTEST”FITTEST”

THEMES OF BIOLOGYTHEMES OF BIOLOGY

INTERDEPENDENCEINTERDEPENDENCE–ORGANISMS IN A ORGANISMS IN A COMMUNITY DEPEND ON COMMUNITY DEPEND ON EACH OTHER AND THE EACH OTHER AND THE NON-LIVING FACTORSNON-LIVING FACTORSSUN, TEMP., WATER, SUN, TEMP., WATER, MINERALSMINERALS

BIOLOGY IN YOUR BIOLOGY IN YOUR WORLDWORLD

HOW HAS SCIENCE HOW HAS SCIENCE IMPROVED OUR LIVES?IMPROVED OUR LIVES?

SAVING THE SAVING THE ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT–Rainforests, Extinction, Rainforests, Extinction, RecyclingRecycling

FOOD SUPPLYFOOD SUPPLY–Genetic engineeringGenetic engineering

Herbicide resistance, Herbicide resistance, vitaminsvitamins

HUMAN GENOME HUMAN GENOME PROJECTPROJECT–GENOME: Complete GENOME: Complete genetic material of an genetic material of an organismorganism

–Read Genes and Find Read Genes and Find Where Mistakes Have Where Mistakes Have Been MadeBeen Made

FIGHTING DISEASEFIGHTING DISEASE–AIDS VACCINEAIDS VACCINE–CANCER TREATMENTSCANCER TREATMENTS–EMERGING DISEASESEMERGING DISEASES

WEST NILE, MAD COWWEST NILE, MAD COW–GENE THERAPYGENE THERAPY

REPLACING DEFECTIVE REPLACING DEFECTIVE GENES WITH NORMAL GENES WITH NORMAL ONESONES

CYSTIC FIBROSISCYSTIC FIBROSIS

SCIENTIFIC PROCESSESSCIENTIFIC PROCESSES

SCIENTIFIC PUZZLES SCIENTIFIC PUZZLES ARE SOLVED BY:ARE SOLVED BY:–MAKING OBSERVATIONSMAKING OBSERVATIONS–ASKING QUESTIONSASKING QUESTIONS–COLLECTING DATACOLLECTING DATA–Ex. Rocky Mountain Ex. Rocky Mountain AmphibiansAmphibians

DSIGNING AND DSIGNING AND EXPERIMENTEXPERIMENT

HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS–AN EXPLANATION THAT AN EXPLANATION THAT CAN BE TESTEDCAN BE TESTED

–PREDICT WHAT WILL PREDICT WHAT WILL HAPPENHAPPEN

PLAN THE EXPERIMENTPLAN THE EXPERIMENT

CONTROL GROUP: CONTROL GROUP: RECEIVES NO RECEIVES NO EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT (PLACEBO)TREATMENT (PLACEBO)

DEPENDENT VARIABLE: DEPENDENT VARIABLE: WHAT WE ARE MEASURINGWHAT WE ARE MEASURING

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: WHAT IS MANIPULATED IN WHAT IS MANIPULATED IN THE EXPERIMENTTHE EXPERIMENT

EXPERIMENTS ARE EXPERIMENTS ARE REPEATED TO REPEATED TO VALIDATE THE VALIDATE THE HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS

ONCE THE HYPOTHESIS ONCE THE HYPOTHESIS HAS BEEN CONFIRMED HAS BEEN CONFIRMED NUMEROUS TIMES IT NUMEROUS TIMES IT MAY BECOME MAY BECOME THEORYTHEORY

THEORIES ARE WELL THEORIES ARE WELL SUPPORTED BUT NOT SUPPORTED BUT NOT ABSOLUTEABSOLUTE