Chap 1 Society Stud

8/2/2019 Chap 1 Society Stud

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Learning Outcome

At the end of the class, student should ableto:

a)Describe the characteristic of multiracial

society in Malaysia.b)Explain the main ethnic groups in Malaysia

and factors led to their presence in thiscountry.

c)Explain the changes in the society that giveimpact to the nation building


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Definition of Society

society is a grouping of individual, which ischaracterised by____________

an organised group of people associated

together for

religious, cultural, political,

patriotic etc

In a society members can be from a

different ethnic group


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Definition of Society

Gerhand Lenski, a American sociologist differentiatesocieties based on their

level of technology,

economy and communication:

a)

_____________________

- hunt for wild animal,

gather the food

b) _____________________

- plant potato, yam,vegetable, corn etc for household need

c) _____________________

- commodities plant likecocoa, rubber, pepper (large scale)

d)

_______________

- have factory to process thefood, produce new products, use advance

technology, etc.


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Society in Malaysia

Multiracial / plural society

According to ___________(an anthropologist),

a)characterised by ethnic groups who live under

one political unit (a country) but are notintegrated.

b)a group of people such as European, Chinese,Malays, Indian and native

c)Each group practiced their own religion,culture and language, ideas and ways of life.

d)They lived together but were divided _______

e)As individuals they meet, but only contact witheach other in economic (buying and selling)


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Characteristic of MalaysiaSociety

the physical separation, identification ofethnic by employment, lack of socialcontact. (British colonisation era)

Diversity in language Diversity in culture

Diversity in religion

Diversity in festival celebration

But, now it changing in moving in thedirection of similarities.


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In 19th century, Chinese and Indian migratedto Malaya

British had control over the politics andeconomy in Malaya until 2nd World War

The migration caused the changes in thecountrys demography and finally formed a

multiracial society.


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Peninsular of Malaysia- Malay, Chinese,Indian, indigenous people and minority ofPortuguese descent.

Tribal communities

a)Sarawak- Iban, Bidayuh, _______ , Kenyah,

Kayan

b) Sabah, Kadazandusun, _________,Rungus,

Each ethnic group has its own sub-ethnicgroup e.g.

a)Malay- Bugis, Banjar, Minangkabau, Jawab)Chinese- Hokkien, Hakka, Hailam, Teochew

c)Indian- Tamil, Telugu, Malayali


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THE MALAYS

By definition of the Malaysian constitution,all Malays are

a)____________,

b)speak Malay language andc)embraces Malay custom

They form the largest ethnic group in this

country


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THE MALAYS

Originated from Indonesia Archipelago

Great migration in 19th century duringBritish colonisation era.

They were the Minangkabau, Javanese,Bugis, Banjar,

Some are in Malacca since 14th centuryduring Malay Sultanate of Malacca.

They came as __________and__________ in European and Chineserubber plantation


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THE MALAYS

_________-majority consisted of coffee &rubber plantation workers

_________- from Sumatra. Mainly inMalacca & Negri Sembilan. Known as Adat

Perpatih followers. Involved in agricultureand business.

_________- from Sulawesi Islands.

Involved in business.


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THE MALAYS

Factors that encouraged the migration:a) _____________

Increasing of population cause a rate ofpoverty

Variety taxes charges imposed upon them byDutch colonisation

b) Political instability in Indonesia.

Dutch pressure and the hatred toward themc) Political stability in Malaya

The tin ore and rubber industry growth inMalaya.


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THE MALAYS ECONOMY Involved in trading, fishing, farming, livestock

farming, small businesses

Poorest group

Influence by:

a) Occupation low productivityb) Living area

Live in ___________

Live in backward states less exposed to

same the same opportunity as othercommunities in urban area.

less endowed with physical, social andeconomic amenities


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THE MALAYS ECONOMY

c) Immigrant culture Emphasis the importance hard for survival

in a foreign country

Felt themselves left behind

d) British policy Ultimately left the Malay in the rural area

and involved in traditional economy activities

Denied the Malay involvement in modern

economic activities (participated by nonMalay) under the excuse they did not wantthe __________ and traditions of the Malayspeople to be affected by modernisation.


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THE MALAYS SOCIOCULTURAL

Malay live in the ________- strong socialties, and strict social control toward thebehavioral of an individual.

Has _________ family system. Family is

important All Malay are Muslim but not all Muslim are

Malay

Malay are described as humble people, to be

even tempered, able to control themselves


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THE ABORIGINES(ORANG ASLI)

Orang Asli is defined in the Aboriginal Peoples

Act (No. 134, 1954/1974) as a member of anaboriginal ethnic group (either by blooddescent or by adoption), who speaks anaboriginal language and who habitually follows

an aboriginal custom and belief. Divided into 3 racial stock :

a) Senoi

b) Negrito

c) Aboriginal Malay

12 language spoken by Senoi community

E.g: Temiar, Semai, Mah Meri, Che Wong, Jahut

and Semaq Beri


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THE ABORIGINES

Characteristica) Negrito

Oldest group. ( 25 000 years in MalayPeninsula)

Small body frame (1.5m or less), dark coloredskin, large nose, curly hair,

Mainly in Kedah, Perak, Kelantan, Pahang,

Economic activities: cultivation and collectingforest products (rattan & gaharu)

Live in edge of jungle and along banks ofrivers


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THE ABORIGINES

Characteristicb) Senoi

Largest group (54%)

Found in Perak, Kelantan, Selangor,

Pahang and Trengganu,

Taller than Negrito

Lighter colour skin

Practice _______________.

But now more to permanent

agriculture.(rubber, palm & cocoa farm)

Settlement area at the _____- Far from coast


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THE ABORIGINES

Characteristicc) Aboriginal Malay(Melayu Asli)

43% of the total the Aborigines population

Found in Malacca, Pahang, Johore, Negri

Sembilan and Selangor

Body size larger and taller than Negrito, darkcolored skin, straight and black hair

Live in coast area-as fisherman,inland- farming (permanent

agriculture)

Settlement close to Malay villages


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THE ABORIGINES

Overall, the economy activities based onagriculture

They grow paddy, corn, tapioca, banana,yam, sweet potato and various kind of

vegetables The hunt for animal and fishing and also

collection of forest products

They practice ________. Some evenbecame Muslim and Christian.


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OTHER INDIGENEOUS PEOPLE

non-Malay peoples of Malayo-Polynesianorigins (e.g. Kadazandusun, Iban, Dayak,Melanau, etc.) denoted as bumiputra

oldest inhabitants of Malaysia

Mainly concentrated in Sabah and Sarawak

Represent a majority in East Malaysia ofSabah and Sarawak.

Make up more than half of Sarawak'spopulation and about 66% of Sabah's.


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THE IBAN

The largest of Sarawak's ethnic groups, form 30% of the state's population.

Also known as ___________ because oftheir skill with boats.

In the past, they were renowned for______________ and piracy.

Traditionally, they worship gods under the

authority of Singalang Burung, the bird-god of war.

Now mostly Christians, but they stillpractice many traditional customs.


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THE KADAZAN DUSUN

The largest ethnic group of Sabah, form about 30% of the state's population.

Actually consisting of two tribes; theKadazan and the _________.

They were grouped together as they bothshare the same language and culture.

The Kadazan are mainly inhabitants of flat

valley deltas, which are conducive to paddyfield farming,

while the Dusun traditionally lived in the hillyand mountainous regions of interior Sabah.


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THE CHINESE

Most immigrants came from southern China,mostly (province of Fujian and Guangdong.)

In the 19th century, many came as coolies

work in tin mining and railway construction Some owned businesses.

Some came by force, some came freely towork


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THE CHINESE

The factors that led the Chinese migrate toMalaya:

a) Difficulties living in China

Rapid growth in population Frequent ______________, limited natural

resources.

b) Growth in tin and rubber industry in Malaya

Expanding in rubber and tin industriescreated a need for labour

c) Political stability in Malaya


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THE CHINESE

d) Chinese population The people from Guangdong and Fujian are

said to be hardworking and like travelling.

Main cluster: Hokkien, Hakka, Teochew andHailam

Their characteristic

a) Hokkien- businessman, shopkeeper

b) Cantonese- miners, craftsman (carpenter,cobbler, iron smith)

c) Hailam-restaurant owner, supplies householdneed

d) Teochew shopkeeper, farmer


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THE CHINESE SOCIOCULTURAL

Most Chinese are believe in Taoism andBuddhism but many of them are Christian now.

Most of the culture based on Taosim andBuddhism

The Chinese can be divided according the dialectgroup such as Hokkien, Hakka and Cantonese.

The Mandarin is the official language

The Chinese form the __________ largestethnic group in Malaysia


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THE CHINESE ECONOMY

Stereotype minded; Chinese are businessminded

Based on sub-ethnic group. E.g: Hokkien

controlled rubber estates, Hainanese oncoffee shop business

But now, the differences slowlydisappeared. They also involved in other

field. E.g. doctor, lawyer, engineer, farmeretc


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THE INDIAN Mostly migrated from South India during the

British colonisation of Malaya. Settled during the 19th century.

brought by agent through contract system (3years). Then it change to kangani system.

_______________- supervisors of plantationlabourers bring in worker from their village inIndia. No contract- but need to pay backexpenses.

Many worked in rubber estate, built theinfrastructure or worked as administrators andsmall businessmen

The Indians form the third largest ethnic groupof Malaysia.


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THE INDIAN

Factors that encouraged the migration ofIndian:

a)Difficulties living in India

Land for agriculture and work opportunities

were scarce Reason- rapid increase in population

Natural disaster-farmer lost their land and indebt

Difficult for employment for those whoeducated

Caste system restrict the social mobility


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THE INDIAN

b) Rapid economy development in Malaya

Rubber industries need workers

c) Encouragement from British government

Encourage the migration of Indian to work

in the plantation, civil service (clerical andtechnical) and construction (building androad)

They concentrated in west of Malaya. E.gKL, Ipoh, Penang, Klang, Taiping


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THE INDIAN

Malayan Indian Population

a) Tamil

largest ethnic group (80%)

Work in rubber estates and oil palm

plantation

b) Malayali (7%)

Consist the working and middle class

Found in plantation and middle class clericaland professional employment

Famous for their restaurant


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THE INDIAN

c) Telugu (4%)

Originated from Andhra Pradesh

Mostly worked as labourers in plantation


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THE INDIAN ECONOMY

Majority had low income, involve in low skillor unskilled occupation

Mostly remained in the plantation economyas labourers

Forced to migrate : prisoners who workedto build the railway, bridges andgovernment buildings

Voluntarily: worked in sugarcane, coffee

and rubber plantation.

Some own grocery, book and textile storeand few in medical and legal profession.


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THE INDIAN SOCIOCULTURAL

They can be differentiate in term of origin,language, caste and religion

South Indian descent speak Tamil

Their religion- Hinduism, Sikhism, Christian

and Muslim


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THE PUNJABI

Originating from the Punjab region. came to Malaysia in the 19th century as

British political prisoners.

A second wave was brought in by the

British to serve as policemen for the BritishStraits Settlement communities and asnight watchmen for industries.

Also worked as police and railway stationofficers, security guard and rearing cow

Extra reading material:http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=

/2008/4/29/north/21081336&sec=north


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Changes in the society

Social

a) education

b) family institution

c) lifestyle and custom (food, dress)

d) belief

e) social problem

f) healthg) worldview, attitude toward something


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Economic

a) better economic growth

b) decrease of poverty

c) Better living condition

Politic

a)Calibre and strong leaders

b)Various politic party to protect public interestsc)Stability in the country through diplomatic

relationship and open door policy


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Factor that leads to the changes:

a)development in the country

b) influence from western country

c) opportunity for education

d) globalisation- innovation in technology


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Impact for nation building:-

a)technology will make the communicationeasier

b)big challenges as most of us influences byvarious culture (healthy and unhealthy)

Documents

Chap 1 Society Stud