Chap001 and Chap002 for QUIZ

8/19/2019 Chap001 and Chap002 for QUIZ

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BUSI 240Introduction to Information

Systems Tuesday & Thursday 8:05am – 9:30am

yant !ecture "a##

Please initial the roster on the backtable.

The course syllabus is available at:

http://home.apu.edu/~jbirch/BUSI!"#r

http://home.apu.edu/~jbirch/BUSI240http://home.apu.edu/~jbirch/BUSI240


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$oundations of Information

Systems in Businesshy shou#d you study information systems%

"o does a 'rm use information systems%

hat are the com(onents of an informationsystem%

h a

p t e r

1

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc !ll


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hy study Information Systemsand Information Techno#o)y%

*ita# com(onent of successfu# +usinesses

"e#(s +usinesses e,(and and com(ete

Businesses use IS and IT To im(ro-e e.ciency and e/ecti-eness of

+usiness (rocesses

$or mana)eria# decision main)

$or or)rou( co##a+oration


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hat is a system%

1 systemIs a set of interre#ated com(onents

ith a c#ear#y de'ned +oundary

orin) to)ether to achie-e a common set ofo+ecti-es


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Information System


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Basic Information System


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hat is an InformationSystem%

1n or)anied com+ination ofeo(#e

"ardare

Softareommunications netors

6ata resources

o#icies and (rocedures

That stores7 retrie-es7 transforms7 anddisseminates information in an or)aniation


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Information System IS -ersusInformation Techno#o)y IT

IS is a## the com(onents and resourcesnecessary to de#i-er information and functionsto the or)aniation

IT is hardare7 softare7 netorin) and datamana)ement

In theory7 IS cou#d +e (a(er +ased

But e i## focus on om(uterBasedInformation Systems BIS


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IS ;no#ed)e $rameor forBusiness rofessiona#s


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hat shou#d a Businessrofessiona# no a+out IS%

$oundation once(ts: fundamenta# +eha-iora#7technica#7 +usiness and mana)eria# conce(tsInformation Techno#o)y: "ardare7 softare7

netors7 data mana)ement and Internet+asedtechno#o)yBusiness 1((#ications:


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hat does IS do for a+usiness%


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Business 1((#ications e,(andin)ro#e o-er time


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hat is =+usiness%

The use of Internet techno#o)iesto or and em(oer +usiness (rocesses7

e#ectronic commerce7 and enter(rise

co##a+orationithin a com(any and ith its customers7

su((#iers7 and other +usiness staeho#ders>

1n on#ine e,chan)e of -a#ue>


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"o e+usiness is +ein) used


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=+usiness use

?een)ineer interna# +usiness (rocesses

=nter(rise co##a+oration systems: su((ortcommunications7 coordination and

co##a+oration amon) teams and or )rou(s7e>)>7 -irtua# teams

=#ectronic commerce: +uyin)7 se##in)7maretin) and ser-icin) of (roducts and

ser-ices o-er com(uter netors


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Ty(es of IS


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@(erations su((ort systems

hat are they%=.cient#y (rocess +usiness transactions

ontro# industria# (rocesses

Su((ort communications and co##a+orationU(date cor(orate data+ases


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Ty(es of @(erations Su((ortSystems

Transaction rocessin) Systems?ecord and (rocess data from +usiness

transactions=,am(#es: sa#es (rocessin)7 in-entory systems7

accountin) systemsrocess ontro# Systems


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To ays to (rocess transactions

Batch rocessin):1ccumu#ate transactions o-er time and (rocess

(eriodica##y

=,am(#e: a +an (rocesses a## checs recei-edin a +atch at ni)ht

@n#ine rocessin):rocess transactions immediate#y

=,am(#e: a +an (rocesses an 1T< ithdraa#immediate#y


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Ty(es of


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@(erationa# or


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#assi'cations of IS +y sco(e

$unctiona# +usiness systems

$ocus on o(erationa# and mana)eria# a((#ications of+asic +usiness functions

=,am(#es: su((ort accountin)7 'nance or maretin)

Strate)ic information systems

"e#( )et a strate)ic ad-anta)e o-er its customers

=,am(#es: shi(ment tracin)7 ecommerce e+systems

rossfunctiona# information systemsSystems that are com+inations of se-era# ty(es of

information systems

ro-ide su((ort for many functions


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ha##en)es and @((ortunities ofIT


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6e-e#o(in) IS So#utions


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hat is a system%

1 systemIs a set of interre#ated com(onents

ith a c#ear#y de'ned +oundary

orin) to)ether to achie-e a common set ofo+ecti-es

By acce(tin) in(uts and (roducin) out(uts in anor)anied transformation (rocess


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y+ernetic system

1## systems ha-e in(ut7 (rocessin) and out(ut

1 cy+ernetic system7 a se#fmonitorin)7 se#fre)u#atin) system7 adds feed+ac and contro#:

$eed+ac is data a+out the (erformance of asystem

ontro# in-o#-es monitorin) and e-a#uatin)feed+ac to determine hether a system is

mo-in) toards the achie-ement of its )oa#


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1 y+ernetic system


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1 +usiness as a system


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Information systems mode#


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om(onents of an IS

eo(#e=nd users: the (eo(#e ho use the IS or the

information from the ISIS s(ecia#ists: the (eo(#e ho de-e#o( and o(erate IS

"ardare ?esources1## (hysica# de-ices used in information (rocessin)


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om(onents of an IS (cont.)

6ata ?esources$acts a+out the +usiness transactions

rocessed and or)anied information

6ata+ases of or)anied dataetor ?esourcesommunications media

etor infrastructure: hardare and softare

The Internet7 intranets and e,tranets


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6ata -ersus Information

6ata are ra facts a+out (hysica# (henomenaor +usiness transactions

Information is data that has +een con-erted

into meanin)fu# and usefu# conte,t for endusers

=,am(#e:Sa#es data is names7 Cuantities and do##ar

amountsSa#es information is amount of sa#es +y (roduct

ty(e7 sa#es territory or sa#es(erson


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IS 1cti-ities

In(ut of data resources6ata entry acti-ities

rocessin) of data into information

=>)>7 ca#cu#ate7 com(are7 sort7 c#assify7 summarie@ut(ut of information (roducts


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?eco)niin) IS

1s a +usiness (rofessiona#7 you shou#d +e a+#eto #oo at an IS and identify The (eo(#e7 hardare7 softare7 data and

netor resources they use

The ty(e of information (roducts they (roduce

The ay they (erform in(ut7 (rocessin)7 out(ut7stora)e and contro# acti-ities


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IT areers

@utsourcin) of +asic (ro)rammin) to India7the


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areer @((ortunities in IS


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Do+ )roth

1mon) the fastest )roin) occu(ationsthrou)h 20E2Systems 1na#yst7

6ata+ase administrators7@ther mana)eria##e-e# (ositions

etor s(ecia#ists

Information security


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IS $unction re(resents


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=thica# cha##en)es of ITa((#ications


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=thica# res(onsi+i#ities

hat uses of IT mi)ht +e considered im(ro(eror harmfu# to other indi-idua#s or society%

hat is the (ro(er +usiness use of the Internet

or a com(anyAs IT resources%"o can you (rotect yourse#f from com(uter

crime%

i


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Strate)ic IT

Techno#o)y is no #on)er an afterthou)ht informin) +usiness strate)y7 +ut the actua#cause and dri-er>

IT can chan)e the ay +usinesses com(ete>1 strate)ic information system is1ny ind of information system

That uses IT to he#( an or)aniation

Fain a com(etiti-e ad-anta)e?educe a com(etiti-e disad-anta)e

@r meet other strate)ic enter(rise o+ecti-es


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om(etiti-e $orces and Strate)ies

titi $


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om(etiti-e $orces

If a +usiness ants to succeed must de-e#o(strate)ies to counter these forces:?i-a#ry of com(etitors ithin its industry

Threat of ne entrants into an industry and itsmarets

Threat (osed +y su+stitute (roducts hich mi)htca(ture maret share

Bar)ainin) (oer of customersBar)ainin) (oer of su((#iers

$i titi St t i


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$i-e om(etiti-e Strate)ies

ost !eadershi(Become #ocost (roducers"e#( su((#iers or customers reduce costsIncrease cost to com(etitors=,am(#e7 rice#ine uses on#ine se##er +iddin) so

+uyer sets the (rice

6i/erentiation Strate)y6e-e#o( ays to di/erentiate a 'rmAs (roducts

from its com(etitorsan focus on (articu#ar se)ment or niche of

maret=,am(#e7


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om(etiti-e Strate)ies (cont.)

Inno-ation Strate)y$ind ne ays of doin) +usinessUniCue (roducts or ser-ices@r uniCue marets?adica# chan)es to +usiness (rocesses to a#ter the

fundamenta# structure of an industry=,am(#e7 1maon uses on#ine fu##ser-ice customer

systemsFroth Strate)y=,(and com(anyAs ca(acity to (roduce=,(and into )#o+a# marets6i-ersify into ne (roducts or ser-ices=,am(#e7 a#


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om(etiti-e strate)ies (cont.)

1##iance Strate)y=sta+#ish #ina)es and a##iances ithustomers7 su((#iers7 com(etitors7 consu#tants

and other com(anies

Inc#udes mer)ers7 acCuisitions7 oint -entures7-irtua# com(anies

=,am(#e7 a#


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Usin) these strate)ies

The strate)ies are not mutua##y e,c#usi-e@r)aniations use one7 some or a##

Usin) IT for these strate)ies


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Usin) IT for these strate)ies

@ther com(etiti-e strate)ies


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@ther com(etiti-e strate)ies

!oc in customers and su((#iers1nd #oc out com(etitors

6eter them from sitchin) to com(etitors

Bui#d in sitchin) costs


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@ e co (e e s a e) es(cont.)

Inc#ude IT com(onents in (roducts


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ustomerfocused +usiness

hat is the +usiness -a#ue in +ein) customerfocused%;ee( customers #oya#

1ntici(ate their future needs

?es(ond to customer concerns

ro-ide to(Cua#ity customer ser-ice

$ocus on customer -a#ue

Gua#ity not (rice has +ecome (rimarydeterminant of -a#ue

"o can e (ro-ide customer


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(-a#ue%

Trac indi-idua# (references;ee( u( ith maret trends

Su((#y (roducts7 ser-ices and information

anytime7 anyherero-ide customer ser-ices tai#ored to

indi-idua# needs

Use ustomer ?e#ationshi(


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Internet

*a#ue hain


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*a#ue hain

*ie the 'rm as a chain of +asic acti-ities thatadd -a#ue to its (roducts and ser-ices

1cti-ities are eitherrimary (rocesses direct#y re#ated to

manufacturin) or de#i-erin) (roducts

Su((ort (rocesses he#( su((ort the daytodayrunnin) of the 'rm and indirect#y contri+ute to(roducts or ser-ices

Use the -a#ue chain to hi)h#i)ht herecom(etiti-e strate)ies can +est +e a((#ied toadd the most -a#ue

Usin) IS in the -a#ue chain


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Usin) IS in the -a#ue chain

Business rocess


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?een)ineerin)a##ed B? or ?een)ineerin)$undamenta# rethinin) and radica# redesi)n

@f +usiness (rocesses

To achie-e im(ro-ements in cost7 Cua#ity7 s(eedand ser-ice

otentia# (ay+ac hi)h

?is of fai#ure is a#so hi)h

"o B? di/ers from +usiness


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im(ro-ement

1 crossfunctiona# (rocess


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1 cross functiona# (rocess

?een)ineerin) order mana)ement


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?een)ineerin) order mana)ement

1)i#ity


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1)i#ity

1)i#ity is the a+i#ity of a com(any to (ros(erIn a ra(id#y chan)in)7 continua##y fra)mentin)

F#o+a# maret for hi)hCua#ity7 hi)h(erformance7 customercon')ured (roducts and

ser-ices

1n a)i#e com(any can mae a (ro't ithBroad (roduct ran)es

Short mode# #ifetimes


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$our strate)ies for a)i#ity

1n a)i#e com(any:ro-ides (roducts as so#utions to their

customersA indi-idua# (ro+#ems

oo(erates ith customers7 su((#iers andcom(etitors to +rin) (roducts to maret asCuic#y and coste/ecti-e#y as (ossi+#e

@r)anies so that it thri-es on chan)e and

uncertainty!e-era)es the im(act of its (eo(#e and the

no#ed)e they (ossess

"o IT he#(s a com(any +e a)i#e


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"o IT he#(s a com(any +e a)i#e

*irtua# om(any


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*irtua# om(any

1 -irtua# com(any uses IT to #ineo(#e7

@r)aniations7

1ssets7

1nd ideas

reates interenter(rise information systems to #in customers7 su((#iers7 su+contractors and

com(etitors

1 -irtua# com(any


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1 -irtua# com(any

Strate)ies of -irtua#i


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com(anies

;no#ed)e reation


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)

;no#ed)ecreatin) com(any or #earnin)or)aniationonsistent#y creates ne +usiness no#ed)e

6isseminates it throu)hout the com(any

1nd +ui#ds in the ne no#ed)e into its(roducts and ser-ices

To inds of no#ed)e


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)

=,(#icit no#ed)e6ata7 documents and thin)s ritten don or

stored on com(uters

Tacit no#ed)e The Hhoto no#ed)e hich reside in

orersA minds

1 no#ed)ecreatin) com(any maes such

tacit no#ed)e a-ai#a+#e to others

;no#ed)e issues


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)

hat is the (ro+#em ith or)aniationa#no#ed)e +ein) tacit%

hy are incenti-es to share this no#ed)eneeded%

;no#ed)e mana)ementtechniCues


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techniCues

Source: Adapted from Marc Rosenberg, e-Learning: Strategies for Delivering Knowledge in the Digital Age

(New York: McGraw-Hill !""#$ %&'"&

;no#ed)e mana)ement systems;


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;

Documents

Chap001 and Chap002 for QUIZ