Introduction to CAD/CAM

Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture

(CAD/CAM) - Definition

CAD/CAM is a collection of computer-based techniques

that perform various functions of product cycle.

Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture

(CAD/CAM) - Benefits

Use of computers for any of the design and manufacturing functions results in quality and productivity enhancements. Quality

improves through (a) precise operations (b) several design

iterations in given time; productivity improves through fast

operations of the machines.

However, the most important benefits of CAD/CAM are due to the integration and concurrency of these functions that minimize the

time for design iterations (not their number). This is possible due

to the centralized and distributed databases (viz., geometric,

alphanumeric and knowledge) with reliable access control.

This also changes the attitude and improves interpersonal relations.

Integration of CAD/CAM through

Common Databases

Geometric Modeling unifies all CAD/CAM activities; in other words, it is the foundation for CAD/CAM implementation.

Ironically, the first function for which CAD was developed itself is being eliminated.

Integration of CAD/CAM through

Common Databases

Relationship between Design and

Manufacture Before CAD/CAM

Relationship between Design and

Manufacture After CAD/CAM

Evolution of CAD/CAM to CIM

Eventually CAD/CAM evolved into Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) by incorporating upstream (market

survey, dealer network, customer order processing etc.)

and downstream (sales and service) functions.

The three things that lead to such an integration are

i. Computer control of all functions

ii. Networking of all these computer systems

iii. Communication protocols and access control

Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

Creation, analysis/ synthesis, optimization and modification of a design with the aid of computer systems.

CAD Loop

A typical feedback loop

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Design Evaluation Techniques

(CAE in ill-defined modern terms!) Structural analysis

Fluid and heat flow analysis

Dynamic analysis

Kinematic analysis

Interference analysis

Tolerance modeling (Analysis and Synthesis)

Virtual and Augmented Reality

Design for X (DFX = [DFM, DFMA, ])

X = [Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly, Maintenability,

Green Env. ...]

Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM)

Shop Floor Functions Managerial Functions

Direct Indirect supportive

Primarily geometric data driven Primarily alphanumeric data driven

Diffrent strategies for prototype and

mass manufactures

Different techniques for productionizing

and regular production.

-CNC, Robotics, RP&T

-GT

-CAPP

-Tool Design

-Inspection and QC

-

-Scheduling

-Inventory control

-Shop floor control

-Quality management

-Make/ buy decision

-Vendor development

-Plant layout

-

Manufacturing physical realization. Planning, managing and control of the operations of a manufacturing plant with the aid of computers.

CAD/CAM CAD/CAM/CAE

CAD GM + CAE. However, GM is no longer an exclusive subset of CAD since it is the first step in CAM and CAE also.

CAD/CAM GM + CAE for some people. Instead of CAD/CAM, the term CAD/CAM/CAE is increasingly being used, CAD here actually referring to

GM. Terms like 3C/P and CAX are also liked by many.

Evolution of CAD/CAM and ERP

CAD/CAM ERP

- Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD)

- Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

-Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD)

-NC, CNC, Robotics, CAPP (CAM)

-Codes and packages for FEA, Kinematic and

dynamic analyses

-Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing

(CAD/CAM)

-Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing and

Engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE)

-CAS/CAD/CAM/CAE CAX

-Product Data Management (PDM)

-eCommerce

-Cooperative Product Commerce (CPC)

-CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM (3C/P)

-Material Requirement Planning (MRP-I)

-Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP-II)

-Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

-Supply Chain Management (SCM)

-Business Process Re-engineering (BPR MRP-III)

-Interfaces between ERP and PDM

-Integrated ERP/PDM system or

-Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)

Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS)

Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS)

Packages for CAD/CAM and ERP

Geometric Modeling AutoCAD, SolidWorks, SolidEdge, (Alias, ArtCAM from DelCAM etc. for styling)

Styling Alias

Finite Element Analysis ANSYS, NASTRAN, Pro/Mechanica

Kinematic and dynamic

analysis

ADAMS, Pro/Mechanica

Casting simulation

packages

MoldFlow (for plastics), CMold (for metal), AutoCAST

Note: None for Investment Casting so far!

NC simulation VeriCUT, VirtualNC

DFX, Synthesis and

Optimization

Generally these are specialized packages custom-built for specific applications

CAM SmartCAM, DelCAM, SurfCAM, MasterCAM

CAD/CAM/CAE Pro/E, NX (formerly competitors as UG and I-DEAS), CATIA

ERP - Simple database systems like Dbase, FoxPro- Relational database systems like Oracle

- ERP packages like SAP, BAAN, IFF, DEdwards

PDM/ PLM Windchill (PTC), TeamCentre (formerly Metaphase (SDRC), I-MAN (EDS)), Ennovia (Dassaults), Matrix One (Dassaults), SAP PLM

ERP

Enabling best management practices

Lean enterprise

Kaizen

TPM

Condition-based preventive scheduled maintenance

Activity-based costing

Competency-based appraisals

Enterprise integration and standardizing processes and data

BPR

Performance measurements

Intelligent enterprise