Chap8-Bibliography

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BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS

TRANSIENTS USING DIGITAL PROGRAMS

Juan A. Martinez-Velasco Tom E. Grebe

Universitat Politcnica de Catalunya Electrotek Concepts, Inc. Barcelona, Spain Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

Abstract- This bibliogrphy was prepared by the Modeling andAnalysis of Systems Transients Using Digital Programs Working

Group of the General Systems Subcommittee and Transmission

and Distribution Committee. The bibliography covers the subjects

of electromagnetic transients and the application of digital

programs for the analysis of these transients. It is not limited to

a specific period.

The technical references have been divided into six main

categories : 1) General Bibliography, 2) Solution Methods, 3)Modeling of Power Components, 4) Modeling Guidelines, 5)

Simulation Tools, and 6) Applications and Case Studies.

General Bibliography includes references related to background

information. Solution Methods covers computing algorithms

and techniques for the digital solution of electromagnetic

transients including transient solution, numerical oscillations,

initialization and control systems. Modeling of Power

Components covers model development and usage of for

overhead lines, cables, transformers, arresters, network

equivalents, machines, circuit breakers, and protection systems.

Modeling Guidelines includes references related to the

application of component models for system analysis.Simulation Tools includes references related to digital

electromagentic transient simulation programs. Application

and Case Studies covers the application of digital programs for

system studies and analysis, including overvoltage and

transient recovery voltages, secondary arc, subsynchronous

resonance, power electronics, and power quality.

All references listed in the bibliography are written in or

translated into English.

Recognition is given to members of the Working Group who

participated in compiling this bibliography.

1. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.1 TRANSIENTS IN POWER SYSTEMS

[1] R. Rudenberg, Transient Performance of Electric

Power Systems, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1950.

[2] L.V. Bewley, Traveling Waves on Transmission

Systems, John Wiley, New York, 1951.

[3] H.A. Peterson, Transients in Power Systems, John

Wiley, New York, 1951.

[4] R. Rudenberg, Electrical Shock Waves in Power

Systems, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.,

1968.

[5] K. Ragaller (Ed.), Current Interruption in High-

Voltage Networks, Plenum Press, New York, 1977.[6] K. Ragaller (Ed.), Surges in High-Voltage Networks,

Plenum Press, New York, 1979.

[7] A.P. Sakis Meliopoulos, Power System Grounding and

Transients : An Introduction, Marcel Dekker, New

York, 1988.

[8] A. Greenwood, Electrical Transients in Power

Systems, John Wiley, Second Edition, New York,

1991.

[9] P. Chowdhuri, Electromagnetic Transients in Power

Systems, RSP - John Wiley, 1996.

1.2 COMPUTATION OF TRANSIENTS IN POWER SYSTEMS

[10] H.W. Dommel and W. Scott Meyer, "Computation of

Electromagnetic Transients", Proc. of IEEE, vol. 62,

no. 7, pp. 983-993, July 1974.

[11] J.P. Bickford, N. Mullineux and J.R. Reed,

Computation of Power System Transients, Peter

Peregrinus Ltd., London, 1976.

[12] "Digital Simulation of Electrical Transient

Phenomena", A. Phadke (ed.), IEEE Tutorial Course,

Course Text 81 EHO173-5-PWR.

[13] W. Derek Humpage, Z-transform Electromagnetic

Transient Analysis in High-Voltage Networks, Peter

Peregrinus Ltd., London, 1982.[14] W. Derek Humpage and K. Wong, "Electromagnetic

Transient Analysis in EHV Power Networks", Proc.

of IEEE, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 379-402, April 1982.

[15] H.W. Dommel,Electromagnetic Transients Program.

Reference Manual (EMTP Theory Book), Bonneville

Power Administration, Portland, 1986.


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[16] EPRI Report EL-4202, "Electromagnetic Transients

Program (EMTP) Primer", 1985.


Program (EMTP) Application Guide", 1986.


Program (EMTP) Workbook", 1986.

[19] EPRI Report EL-4651, "Electromagnetic TransientsProgram (EMTP) Workbook II", 1989.


Program (EMTP) Workbook III", 1989.


Program (EMTP) Workbook IV", 1989.

[22] J.A. Martinez-Velasco (Ed.), Computer Analysis of

Electric Power System Transients, IEEE Press, 1997.

[23] H.W. Dommel, "Techniques for analyzing electromag-

netic transients", IEEE Computer Applications in

Power, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 18-21, July 1997.

2. SOLUTION METHODS

2.1 TRANSIENT SOLUTION

[24] L.O. Barthold and G.K. Carter, "Digital traveling-

wave solutions. 1 - Single-phase equivalents", AIEE

Trans., vol. 80, pt. III, pp. 812-820, December 1961.

[25] W. Frey and P. Althammmer, "The calculation of

transients on lines by means of a digital computer",

Brown Boveri Rev., vol. 48, pp. 334-355, May/June

1961.

[26] H.W. Dommel, "A method for solving transient

phenomena in multi-phase systems", Proc. of the 2nd

Power Systems Computer Conference, Stockholm,

1966.

[27] H.W. Dommel, "Digital computer solution of

electromagnetic transients in single- and multi-phase

networks", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 734-741, April 1969.

[28] H.W. Dommel, "Nonlinear and time-varying elements

in digital simulation of electromagnetic transients",

IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol.

90, no. 6, pp. 2561-2567, November/December 1971.

[29] H.W. Dommel, "Usefulness and limitations of multi-

terminal reduced circuits", Proceedings of 11th PSCC,

pp. 1155-1160, August 30 - September 3, 1993,Avignon (France).

[30] T. Noda, K. Yamamoto, N. Nagaoka and A. Ametani,

"A predictor-corrector scheme for solving a nonlinear

circuit", Proceedings of IPST'97, pp. 5-10, June 22-

26, 1997, Seattle.

[31] D.A. Woodford, A.M. Gole and R.Z. Menzies,

"Digital simulation of dc links and ac machines",IEEE

Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 102, no.

6, pp. 1616-1623, June 1983.

[32] W.D. Humpage, K.P. Wong, T.T. Nguyen and D.

Sutanto, "z-transform electromagnetic transient analysis

in power systems", Proc. IEE, Part C, vol. 127, pp.

370-378, November 1980.

[33] M. Roitman and P.S.R. Diniz, "Power systemsimulation based on wave digital filters",IEEE Trans.

on Power Delivery, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1098-1104,

April 1996.

[34] M. Roitman and P.S.R. Diniz, "Simulation of non-

linear and switching elements for transient analysis

based on wave digital filters", IEEE Trans. on Power

Delivery, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2042-2048, October

1996.

[35] L.M. Wedepohl and S.E.T. Mohamed, "Transient

analysis of multiconductor transmission lines with

special reference to non-linear problems", Proc. IEE,

vol. 117, pp. 979-988, May 1970.

[36] M. D'Amore and M.S. Sarto, "A new efficientprocedure for the transient analysis of dissipative

power networks with nonlinear loads",IEEE Trans. on

Power Delivery, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 533-539, January

1996.

[37] Y. Kang and J.D. Lavers, "Transient analysis of

electric power systems : Reformulation and theoretical

basis",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 11, no. 2,

pp. 754-760, May 1996.

[38] S.C. Tripathy, N.D. Rao and S. Elangovan,

"Comparison of stability properties of numerical

integration methods for switching surges",IEEE Trans.

on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 97, no. 6, pp.

2318-2326, November/December 1978.

[39] T. Kato and K. Ikeuchi, "Variable order and variable

step-size integration method for transient analysis

programs",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 6, no.

1, pp. 206-213, February 1991.

[40] A. Semlyen and F. de Leon, "Computation of electro-

magnetic transients using dual or multiple time steps",

IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 8, no. 3, pp.

1274-1281, August 1993.

[41] J.R. Marti and L.R. Linares, "Real-time EMTP-based

transients simulation",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,

vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1309-1317, August 1994.

2.2 NUMERICAL OSCILLATIONS

[42] F.L. Alvarado, R.H. Lasseter and J.J. Sanchez,

"Testing of trapezoidal integration with damping for

the solution of power transient studies", IEEE Trans.

on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 102, no. 12,

pp. 3783-3790, December 1983.


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[43] J.R. Marti and J. Lin, "Suppression of numerical

oscillations in the EMTP", IEEE Trans. on Power

Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 739-747, May 1989.

[44] J. Lin and J.R. Marti, "Implementation of the CDA

procedure in the EMTP", IEEE Trans. on Power


[45] B. Kulicke, "Simulation program NETOMAC :Difference conductance method for continuous and

discontinuous systems", Siemens Research and

Development Reports, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 299-302,

1981.

[46] T.L. Maguire and A.M. Gole, "Digital simulation of

flexible topology power electronic apparatus in power

systems", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol 6, no.

4, pp. 1831-1840, October 1991.

[47] P. Kuffel, K. Kent and G. Irwin, "The implementation

and effectiveness of linear interpolation within digital

simulation",Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol.

19, no. 4, pp. 221-228, May 1997.

2.3 INITIALIZATION

[48] H.W. Dommel, A. Yan and S. Wei, "Harmonics from

transformer saturation", IEEE Trans. on Power

Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 209-215, April 1986.

[49] A. Semlyen, E. Acha and J. Arrillaga, "Newton-type

algorithms for the harmonic phasor analysis of non-

linear power circuits in periodical steady state with

special reference to magnetic non-linearities", IEEE

Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1090-

1098, July 1988.

[50] W. Xu, J.R. Marti and H.W. Dommel, "A multiphase

harmonic load flow solution technique", IEEE Trans.

on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 174-182,

February 1991.

[51] W. Xu, J.R. Marti and H.W. Dommel, "Harmonic

analysis of systems with static compensators", IEEE

Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 183-190,

February 1991.

[52] X. Lombard, J. Masheredjian, S. Lefebvre and C.

Kieny, "Implementation of a new harmonic

initialization method in EMTP", IEEE Trans. on

Power Delivery, vol. 10, no. 3, pp.1343-1352, July

1995.

[53] J. Usaola and J.G. Mayordomo, "Fast steady-statetechniques for harmonic analysis", IEEE Trans. on

Power Delivery, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1789-1790, October

1991.

[54] B.K. Perkins, J.R. Marti and H.W. Dommel,

"Nonlinear elements in the EMTP : Steady-state

initialization",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 10,

no. 2, pp. 593-601, May 1995.

[55] Q.Wang and J.R. Marti, "A waveform relaxation

technique for steady state initialization of circuits with

nonlinear elements and ideal diodes",IEEE Trans. on

Power Delivery, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1437-1443, July

1996.

[56] G. Murere, S. Lefebvre and X.D. Do, "A generalized

harmonic balance method for EMTP initialization",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 10, no. 3, pp.

1353-1359, July 1995.

[57] A. Semlyen and A. Medina, "Computation of the

periodic steady state in systems with nonlinear

components using a hybrid time and frequency domain

methodology", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol.

10, no. 3, pp. 1498-1504, August 1995.

[58] J.J. Allemong, R.J. Bennon and P.W. Selent,

"Multiphase power flow solutions using EMTP and

Newtons method", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,

vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1455-1462, November 1993.

2.4 CONTROL SYSTEMS

[59] L. Dube and H.W. Dommel, "Simulation of control

systems in an electromagnetic transients program with

TACS", Proc. of IEEE PICA, pp. 266-271, 1977.

[60] R. Lasseter and J. Zhou, "TACS enhancements for the

Electromagnetic Transient Program",IEEE Trans. on

Power Systems, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 736-742, May 1994.

[61] L.X. Bui, S. Casoria, G. Morin and J. Reeve, "EMTP

TACS-FORTRAN interface development for digital

controls modeling", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,

vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 314-319, February 1992.

[62] L. Dub and I. Bonfanti, "MODELS : A new

simulation tool in the EMTP",European Transactions

on Electrical Power Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.

45-50, January/February 1992.

[63] A.E.A. Araujo, H.W. Dommel and J.R. Marti,

"Simultaneous solution of power and control

equations",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 8, no.

4, pp. 1483-1489, November 1993.

[64] S. Lefebvre and J. Mahseredjian, "Improved control

systems simulation in the EMTP through

compensation",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

10, no. 4, pp. 1654-1662, April 1995.

[65] X. Cao et al., "Suppression of numerical oscillation

caused by the EMTP-TACS interface using filterinterposition", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

11, no. 4, pp. 2049-2055, October 1996.

3. MODELING OF POWER COMPONENTS

3.1 OVERHEAD LINES


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[66] J.R. Carson, "Wave propagation in overhead wires

with ground return", Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 5, pp.

539-554, 1926.

[67] A. Budner, "Introduction of frequency-dependent line

parameters into an electromagnetic transients

program", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 88-97, January 1970.[68] J.K. Snelson, "Propagation of travelling waves on

transmission lines - Frequency dependent parameters",


91, no. 1, pp. 85-91, January/February 1972.

[69] P.C. Magnusson, "Traveling waves on multi-

conductor open wire lines. A numerical survey of the

effects of frequency dependence of modal

composition", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 999-1008, May/June

1973.

[70] R.G. Wesley and S. Selvavinayagamoorthy,

"Approximate frequency-response values for

transmission line transient analysis", Proc. IEE, vol.121, no. 4, pp. 281-286, April 1974.

[71] W. Scott Meyer and H.W. Dommel, "Numerical

modeling of frequency dependent transmission-line

parameters in an electromagnetic transients program",


93, no. 5, pp. 1401-1409, September/October 1974.

[72] A. Semlyen and A. Dabuleanu, "Fast and accurate

switching transient calculations on transmission lines

with ground return using recursive convolutions",


94, no. 2, pp. 561-571, March/April 1975.

[73] A. Dabuleanu and A. Semlyen, "Modelling of

transpositions and double circuit transmission lines in

switching surge calculations", IEEE Trans. on Power

Apparatus and Systems, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 242-251,

March/April 1975.

[74] A. Semlyen and A. Dabuleanu, "A step approach to

accurate switching transient calculations based on state

variable component modelling",IEEE Trans. on Power


March/April 1975.

[75] A. Ametani, "A highly efficient method for calculating

transmission line transients", IEEE Trans. on Power


September/October 1976.[76] A. Semlyen, "Contributions to the theory of calculation

of electromagnetic transients on transmission lines with

frequency dependent parameters", IEEE Trans. on

Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 100, no. 2, pp.

848-856, February 1981.

[77] A. Deri, G. Tevan, A. Semlyen and A. Castanheira,

"The complex ground return plane. A simplified model

for homogeneous and multi-layer earth return", IEEE


8, pp. 3686-3693, August 1981.

[78] J.F. Hauer, "State-space modeling of transmission line

dynamics via nonlinear optimization",IEEE Trans. on


4918-4924, December 1981.[79] J.R. Marti, "Accurate modeling of frequency-

dependent transmission lines in electromagnetic

transient simulations", IEEE Trans. on Power


January 1982.

[80] A. Semlyen and R.H. Brierley, "Stability analysis and

stabilizing procedure for a frequency dependent

transmission line model", IEEE Trans. on Power

Apparatus and Systems, vol. 103, no. 12, pp.

3579-3586, December 1984.

[81] A. Semlyen and A. Deri, "Time domain modelling of

frequency dependent three-phase transmission line

impedance", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus andSystems, vol. 104, no. 6, pp. 1549-2577, June 1985.

[82] A. Ametani and M. Aoki, "Line parameters and

transients of a non-parallel conductors system", IEEE

Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1117

-1126, April 1989.

[83] L. Marti, "Low-order approximation of transmission

line parameters for frequency-dependent models",


102, no. 11, pp. 3582-3589, November 1983.

[84] A. Oguz Soysal and A. Semlyen, "Reduced order

transmission line modeling for improved efficiency in

the calculation of electromagnetic transients", IEEE

Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1494-

1498, August 1994.

[85] J.R. Marti, H.W. Dommel, L. Marti and V.

Brandwajn, "Approximate transformation matrices for

unbalanced transmission lines", Proc. of the 9th Power

Systems Computer Conference, Cascais (Portugal),

1987.

[86] M. D'Amore and M.S. Sarto, "Modelling of lossy

ground parameters in the EMTP for very-fast transient

analysis", Proceedings of IPST'97, pp. 49-54, June 22-

26, 1997, Seattle.

[87] L.M. Wedepohl, H.V. Nguyen and G.D. Irwin,

"Frequency-dependent transformation matrices foruntransposed transmission lines using Newton-Raphson

method",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 11, no.

3, pp. 1538-1546, August 1996.

[88] B. Gustavsen and A. Semlyen, "Simulation of

transmission line transients using vector fitting and

modal decomposition", IEEE Trans. on Power

Delivery, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 605-614, April 1998.


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[89] B. Gustavsen and A. Semlyen, "Calculation of

transmission line transients using polar decomposition",

IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 13, no. 3, pp.

855-862, July 1998.

[90] R. Mahmutcehajic, S. Babic, R. Gacanovic and S.

Carsimamovic, "Digital simulation of electromagnetic

wave propagation in a multiconductor transmissionsystem using the superposition principle and Hartley

transform", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 8,

no. 3, pp. 1377-1385, July 1993.

[91] A. Oguz Soysal and A. Semlyen, "State equation

approximation of transfer matrices and its application

to the phase domain calculation of electromagnetic

transients",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 9, no.

1, pp. 420-428, February 1994.

[92] G. Angelidis and A. Semlyen, "Direct phase-domain

calculation of transmission line transients using

two-sided recursions", IEEE Trans. on Power


[93] B. Gustavsen, J. Sletbak and T. Henriksen,"Calculation of electromagnetic transients in

transmission cables and lines taking frequency

dependent effects accurately into account", IEEE

Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 10, no. 2, pp.

1076-1084, April 1995.

[94] T. Noda, N. Nagaoka and A. Ametani, "Phase domain

modeling of frequency-dependent transmission lines by

means of an ARMA model", IEEE Trans. on Power

Delivery, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 401-411, January 1996.

[95] T. Noda, N. Nagaoka and A. Ametani, "Further

improvements to a phase-domain ARMA line model in

terms of convolution, steady-state initialization, and

stability", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 12,

no. 3, 1327-1334, July 1997.

[96] F. Castellanos and J.R. Marti, "Full frequency-

dependent phase-domain transmission line model",


1331-1339, August 1997.

[97] H.V. Nguyen, H.W. Dommel and J.R. Marti, "Direct

phase-domain modeling of frequency-dependent

overhead transmission lines", IEEE Trans. on Power

Delivery, vol. 12, no. 3, 1335-1342, July 1997.

[98] F. Castellanos, J.R. Marti and F. Marcano, "Phase-

domain multiphase transmission line models",

Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 19, no. 4,pp. 241-248, May 1997.

[99] A. Morched, B. Gustavsen and M. Tartibi, "A

universal model for accurate calculation of

electromagnetic transients on overhead lines and

underground cables", Paper presented at the 1997

IEEE PES Summer Meeting, July 20-24, 1997, Berlin.

[100] B. Gustavsen and A. Semlyen, "Combined phase and

modal domain calculation of transmission line

transients based on vector fitting", IEEE Trans. on

Power Delivery, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 596-604, April

1998.

[101] L. Marti and H.W. Dommel, "Calculation of voltage

profiles along transmission lines", IEEE Trans. on

Power Delivery, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 993-998, April1997.

[102] S. Cristina and M. D'Amore, "Effect of reflection

waves on polyphase non-uniform power line carrier

channels : A new propagation matrix model", IEEE


4, pp. 1685-1693, April 1981.

[103] C. Menemenlis and Z.T. Chun, "Wave propagation on

nonuniform lines", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus

and Systems, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 833-839, April 1982.

[104] E.A. Oufi, A.S. AlFuhaid and M.M. Saied, "Transient

analysis of lossless single-phase nonuniform

transmission lines", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1694-1700, July 1994.[105] M.T. Correia de Barros and M.E. Almeida,

"Computation of electromagnetic transients on

nonuniform transmission lines",IEEE Trans. on Power

Delivery, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1082- 1091, April 1996.

[106] H.V. Nguyen, H.W. Dommel and J.R. Marti,

"Modeling of single-phase nonuniform transmission

lines in electromagnetic transient simulations", IEEE

Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 12, no. 2, 916-921,

April 1997.

[107] M. Kawai, "Studies of the surge response on a

transmission line tower", IEEE Trans. on Power


January 1964.

[108] M.A. Sargent and M. Darveniza, "Tower surge

impedance", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and


[109] W.A. Chisholm, Y.L. Chow and K.D. Srivastava,

"Lightning surge response of transmission towers",


102, no. 9, pp. 3232- 3242, September 1983.

[110] W.A. Chisholm and Y.L. Chow, "Travel time of

transmission towers", IEEE Trans. on Power

Apparatus and Systems, vol. 104, no. 10, pp. 2922

-2928, October 1985.

[111] M. Ishii et al., "Multistory transmission tower modelfor lightning surge analysis", IEEE Trans. on Power

Delivery, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1327-1335, July 1991.

[112] T. Yamada et al., "Experimental evaluation of a UHV

tower model for lightning surge analysis",IEEE Trans.


January 1995.

[113] M.Mihailescu-Suliciu and I. Suliciu, "A rate type


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constitutive equation for the description of the corona

effect",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems,

vol. 100, no. 8, pp. 3681-3685, August 1981.

[114] K.C. Lee, "Non-linear corona models in an

electromagnetic transients program (EMTP)", IEEE


9, pp. 2936-2942, September 1983.[115] A. Inoue, "Propagation analysis of overvoltage surges

with corona based upon charge versus voltage curve",


104, no. 3, pp. 655-662, March 1985.

[116] A. Semlyen and W.-G. Huang, "Corona modelling for

the calculation of transients on transmission lines",

IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery , vol. 1, no. 3, pp.

228-239, July 1986.

[117] W.-G. Huang and A. Semlyen, "Computation of

electromagnetic transients on three-phase transmission

lines with corona and frequency dependent

parameters", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 2,

no. 3, pp. 887-898, July 1987.[118] F. Iliceto and E. Cinieri, "Analysis of half-wave length

transmission lines with simulation of corona losses",


2081-2091, October 1988.

[119] X.-R. Li, O.P. Malik and Z.-D. Zhao, "A practical

mathematical model of corona for calculation of

transients on transmission lines", IEEE Trans. on


1989.

[120] M.A. Al-Tai et al., "The simulation of surge corona

on transmission lines", IEEE Trans. on Power


[121] P. Sarma Maruvada, D.H. Nguyen and H. Hamadani

-Zadeh, "Studies on modeling corona attenuation of

dynamic overvoltages", IEEE Trans. on Power


[122] X.-R. Li, O.P. Malik and Z.-D. Zhao, "Computation

of transmission lines transients including corona

effects", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 4, no.

3, pp. 1816-1821, July 1989.

[123] S. Carneiro Jr. and J.R. Marti, "Evaluation of corona

and line models in electromagnetic transient

simulations",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 6,

no. 1, pp. 334-342, January 1991.

[124] S. Carneiro Jr., H.W. Dommel, J.R. Marti and H.M.Barros, "An efficient procedure for the implementation

of corona models in electromagnetic transients

programs", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 9,

no. 2, pp. 849-855, April 1994.

[125] C. de Jesus and M.T. Correia de Barros, "Modelling

of corona dynamics for surge propagation studies",


1564-1569, July 1994.

[126] J.R. Marti, F. Castellanos and N. Santiago, "Wide

-band corona circuit model for transient simulations",


1003-1013, May 1995.

[127] H.M. Barros, S. Carneiro Jr. and R.M. Azevedo, "An

efficient recursive scheme for the simulation ofovervoltages on multiphase systems under corona",


1443-1452, July 1995.

[128] M. Poloujadoff, J.F. Guillier and M. Rioual,

"Damping model of traveling waves by corona effect

along extra high voltage three phase lines", IEEE


1861, October 1995.

3.2 INSULATED CABLES

[129] L.A. Wedepohl and D.J. Wilcox, "Transient analysis

of underground power-transmission systems", Proc.IEE, vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 253-260, February 1973.

[130] G.W. Brown and R.G. Rocamora, "Surge propagation

in three-phase pipe type cables. Part I - Unsaturated

pipe",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems,

vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 88-95, January/February 1976.

[131] R.G. Rocamora and G.W. Brown, "Surge propagation

in three-phase pipe-type cables. Part II - Duplication of

field tests including the effects of neutral wires and

pipe saturation",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 826-833, May/June 1977.

[132] A. Ametani, "Wave propagation characteristics of

cables", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems,vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 499-505, April 1980.

[133] A. Ametani, "A general formulation of impedance and

admittance of cables", IEEE Trans. on Power


May/June 1980.

[134] N. Nagaoka and A. Ametani, "Transient calculations

on crossbonded cables", IEEE Trans. on Power


April 1983.

[135] E. Greenfield, "Transient behavior of short and long

cables," IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 103, no. 11, pp. 3193-3203, November

1984.[136] L. Marti, "Simulation of transients in underground

cables with frequency-dependent modal transformation

matrices",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 3, no.

3, pp. 1099-1110, July 1988.

[137] H. Nakanishi et al., "A study of zero-sequence current

induced in a cable system", IEEE Trans. on Power

Delivery, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1352-1358, October 1991.


7/20

8-7

[138] L. Bohmann et al., "Impedance of a double submarine

cable circuit using different types of cables within a

single circuit", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

8, no. 4, pp. 1668-1674, October 1993.

[139] B. Gustavsen, J. Sletbak and T. Henriksen,

"Simulation of transient sheath overvoltages in the

presence of proximity effects",IEEE Trans. on PowerDelivery, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1066-1075, April 1995.

[140] B. Gustavsen and J. Sletbak, "Transient sheath

overvoltages in armoured power cables",IEEE Trans.


July 1996.

[141] R.J. Meredith, "EMTP modeling of electromagnetic

transients in multi-mode coaxial cables by finite

sections", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 12,

no. 1, pp. 489-496, January 1997.

3.3 TRANSFORMERS

[142] G.W. Swift, "Power transformer core behavior undertransient conditions",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus

and Systems, vol. 90, pp. 2206-2210, September/

October 1971.

[143] C.G.A. Koreman, "Determination of the magnetizing

characteristic of three-phase transformers in field

tests",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 4, no. 3,

pp. 1779-1785, July 1989.

[144] W.L.A. Neves and H.W. Dommel, "On modeling iron

core nonlinearities", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,

vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 417-425, May 1993.

[145] M. Vakilian and R.C. Degeneff, "A method for

modeling nonlinear core characteristics of transformer

during transients", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1916-1925, October 1994.

[146] W.L.A. Neves and H.W. Dommel, "Saturation curves

of delta-connected transformers from measurements",


1432-1437, July 1995.

[147] S.N. Talukdar and J.R. Bailey, "Hysteresis models for

system studies",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 1429-1434, July/August

1976.

[148] E.P. Dick and W.Watson, "Transformer models for

transient studies based on field measurement", IEEE

Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 100, no.1, pp. 401-419, January 1981.

[149] J.G. Frame, N. Mohan and T.H. Liu, "Hysteresis

modeling in an electro-magnetic transients program",


101, no. 9, pp. 3403-3412, September 1982.

[150] F. de Len and A. Semlyen, "Simple representation of

dynamic hysteresis losses in power transformers",


315-321, January 1995.

[151] J. Avila-Rosales and F.L. Alvarado, "Nonlinear

frequency dependent transformer model for

electromagnetic transient studies in power systems",


101, no. 11, pp. 4281-4288, November 1982.[152] J. Avila-Rosales and A. Semlyen, "Iron core modeling

for electrical transients", IEEE Trans. on Power

Apparatus and Systems, vol. 104, no. 11, pp. 3189-

3194, November 1985.

[153] F. de Len and A. Semlyen, "Time domain modeling

of eddy current effects for transformer transients",


271-280, January 1993.

[154] E.J. Tarasiewicz, A.S. Morched, A. Narang and E.P.

Dick, "Frequency dependent eddy current models for

nonlinear iron cores",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,

vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 588-597, May 1993.

[155] F. de Len and A. Semlyen, "Detailed modeling ofeddy current effects for transformer transients", IEEE


1150, April 1994.

[156] F. de Len and A. Semlyen, "Efficient calculation of

elementary parameters of transformers", IEEE Trans.


January 1992.

[157] W.J. McNutt, T.J. Blalock and R.A. Hinton,

"Response of Transformer Windings to System

voltage", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 457-467, March/April

1974.

[158] V. Brandwajn, H.W. Dommel and I.I. Dommel,

"Matrix representation of three-phase n-winding

transformers for steady-state and transient studies",


101, no. 6, pp. 1369-1378, June 1982.

[159] C.M. Arturi, "Transient simulation and analysis of a

three-phase five-limb step-up transformer following an

out-of-phase synchronization",IEEE Trans. on Power


[160] D.L. Stuehm, "Final report. Three phase transformer

core modeling", Bonneville Power Administration

Award No. DE-BI79-92BP26700, February 1993.

[161] A. Narang and R. H. Brierley, "Topology basedmagnetic model for steady-state and transient studies

for three-phase core type transformers", IEEE Trans.


August 1994.

[162] X. Chen and S.S. Venkata, "A three-phase three-

winding core-type transformer model for low-frequency

transient studies", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,


8/20

8-8

vol. 12, no. 3, 775-782, April 1997.

[163] B.A. Mork, "Five-legged wound-core transformer

model: Derivation, parameters, implementation, and

evaluation", Paper PE-414-PWRD-0-12-1997,

presented at the 1998 IEEE PES Winter Meeting,

February 1-5, 1998, Tampa.

[164] D.L. Stuehm, B.A. Mork and D.D. Mairs, "Five-legged core transformer equivalent circuit", IEEE


1786-1793, July 1989.

[165] X. Chen, "A three-phase multi-legged transformer

model in ATP using the directly-formed inverse

inductance matrix", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1554-1562, July 1996.

[166] R.C. Degeneff, "A general method for determining

resonances in transformer windings",IEEE Trans. on

Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 96, no. 2,

March/April 1977.

[167] R.C. Degeneff, "A method for constructing terminal

models for single-phase n-winding transformers",Paper No. A 78 539-9, 1978 IEEE PES Summer

Meeting, July 16-21, Los Angeles.

[168] A. Morched, L. Marti and J. Ottevangers, "A high

frequency transformer model for the EMTP", IEEE


1626, July 1993.

[169] P.T.M. Vaessen, "Transformer model for high

frequencies", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 3,

no. 4, pp. 1761-1768, October 1988.

[170] D.R. Smith and J.L. Puri, "A simplified lumped

parameter model for finding distribution transformer

and secondary system responses to lightning", IEEE


-1936, July 1989.

[171] V. Woivre, J.P. Artaud, A Ahmad and N. Burais,

"Transient overvoltage study and model for shell-type

power transformers",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 212-222, January 1993.

[172] A. Oguz Soysal and A. Semlyen, "Practical transfer

function estimation and its application to wide

frequency range representation of transformers",IEEE


-1637, July 1993.

[173] A. Oguz Soysal, "A method for wide frequency range

modeling of power transformers and rotatingmachines", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 8,

no. 4, pp. 1802-1810, October 1993.

[174] B. Gustavsen and A. Semlyen, "Application of vector

fitting to state equation representation of transformers

for simulation of electromagnetic transients", IEEE


834-842, July 1998.

[175] S. Chimklai and J.R. Marti, "Simplified three-phase

transformer model for electromagnetic transient

studies",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 10, no.

3, pp. 1316-1324, July 1995.

[176] G.B. Gharehpetian, H. Mohseni and K. Moller,

"Hybrid modelling of inhomogeneus transformer

windings for very fast transient overvoltage studies",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 13, no. 1, pp.

157-163, January 1998.

[177] R.C. Degeneff, M.R. Gutierrez and P.J. McKenny,

"A method for constructing reduced order transformer

models for system studies from detailed lumped

parameter models", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 649-655, April 1992.

[178] M. Gutierrez, R.C. Degeneff, P.J. McKennny and

J.M. Schneider, "Linear, lumped parameter

transformer model reduction technique",IEEE Trans.

on Power Delivery, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 853-861, April

1995.

[179] R.C. Degeneff, M.R. Gutierrez and M. Vakilian,"Nonlinear, lumped parameter transformer model

reduction technique",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 862-868, April 1995.

[180] R.J. Galarza, J.H. Chow and R.C. Degeneff,

"Transformer model reduction using time and

frequency domain sensitivity techniques",IEEE Trans.


April 1995.

[181] D.N. Ewart, "Digital computer simulation model of a

steel-core transformer", IEEE Trans. on Power


[182] H. Mohseni, "Multi-winding multi-phase transformer

model with saturable core", IEEE Trans. on Power


[183] D. Dolinar, J. Pihler and B. Grcar, "Dynamic model

of a three-phase power transformer", IEEE Trans. on


1993.

[184] F. de Len and A. Semlyen, "Complete transformer

model for electromagnetic transients",IEEE Trans. on


1994.

[185] B.C. Papadias et al., "Three phase transformer

modelling for fast electromagnetic transient studies",

IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 9, no. 2, pp.1151-1159, April 1994.

[186] P. Bastard, P. Bertrand and M. Meunier, "A

transformer model for winding fault studies", IEEE

Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 690-699,

April 1994.

3.4 SURGE ARRESTERS


9/20

8-9

[187] D.P. Carroll et al., "A dynamic surge arrester model

for use in power system transient studies", IEEE


3, pp. 1057-1066, May/June 1972.

[188] S. Tominaga et al., "Protective performance of metal

oxide surge arrester based on the dynamic v-i

characteristics",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus andSystems, vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 1860-1871, November/

December 1979.

[189] M.V. Lat, "Analytical method for performance

prediction of metal oxide surge arresters",IEEE Trans.

on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 104, no. 10,

pp. 2665-2674, October 1985.

[190] C. Dang, T.M. Parnell and P.J. Price, "The response

of metal oxide surge arresters to steep fronted current

impulses",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 1, no.

1, pp. 157-163, January 1986.

[191] W. Schmidt et al., "Behaviour of MO-surge-arrester

blocks to fast transients", IEEE Trans. on Power

Delivery, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 292-300, January 1989.[192] IEEE Working Group on Surge Arrester Modeling,

"Modeling of metal oxide surge arresters", IEEE


January 1992.

[193] I. Kim et al., "Study of ZnO arrester model for steep

front wave",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 11,

no. 2, pp. 834-841, April 1996.

[194] IEEE Working Group of Surge Protective Devices

Committee, "Modeling of current-limiting surge

arresters", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 100, no. 8, pp. 4033-4040, August 1981.

[195] D. L. Goldsworthy, "A linearized model for MOV-

protected series capacitors", IEEE Trans. on Power

Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 953-958, November 1987.

[196] J.R. Lucas and P.G. McLaren, "A computationally

efficient MOV model for series compensation studies",


1491-1497, October 1991.

3.5 NETWORK EQUIVALENTS

[197] A. Clerici and L. Marzio, "Coordinated use of TNA

and digital computer for switching-surge studies :

Transient equivalent of a complex network", IEEE

Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 89, no.6, pp. 1717-1726, November/December 1970.

[198] A.S. Morched and V. Brandwajn, "Transmission

network equivalents for electromagnetic transients

studies", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 2984- 2994, September

1983.

[199] V.Q. Do and M.M. Gavrilovic, "An iterative pole

removal method for synthesis of power system

equivalent networks", IEEE Trans. on Power


2070, August 1984.

[200] V.Q. Do and M.M. Gavrilovic, "A synthesis method

for one-port and multi-port equivalent networks for

analysis of power system transients", IEEE Trans. onPower Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 103-113, April

1986.

[201] M. Kizilcay, "Low-order network equivalents for

electromagnetic transients studies", European

Transactions on Electrical Power Engineering, vol. 3,

no. 2, pp. 123-129, March/April 1993.

[202] A. Semlyen and M.R. Iravani, "Frequency domain

modeling of external systems in an electro-magnetic

transients program", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,

vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 527-533, May 1993.

[203] A. Abur and H. Singh, "Time domain of external

systems for electromagnetic transients programs",

IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 8, no. 2, pp.671-679, May 1993.

[204] A.S. Morched, J.H. Ottevangers and L. Marti,

"Multi-port frequency dependent network equivalents

for the EMTP", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

8, no. 3, pp. 1402-1412, July 1993.

[205] H. Singh and A. Abur, "Multiport equivalencing of

external systems for simulation of switching

transients", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 10,

no. 1, pp. 374-382, January 1995.

[206] J. Hong and J. Park, "A time-domain approach to

transmission network equivalents via Prony analysis for

electromagnetic transients analysis", IEEE Trans. on

Power Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1789-1797,

November 1995.

[207] J.J. Sanchez-Gasca and J.H. Chow, "Computation of

power system low-order models from time domain

simulations using a Hankel matrix", IEEE Trans. on

Power Systems, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1461-1467,

November 1997.

[208] H. Okamoto et al., "Identification of low-order linear

power system models from EMTP simulations using

the Steiglitz-McBride algorithm", IEEE Trans. on

Power Systems, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 422-427, May

1998.

3.6 ROTATING MACHINES

[209] V. Brandwajn and H.W. Dommel, "A new method for

interfacing generator models with an electromagnetic

transients program", Proc. of IEEE PICA, pp.

260-265, 1977.

[210] G. Gross and M.C. Hall, "Synchronous machine and


10/20

8-10

torsional dynamics simulation in the computation of

electromagnetic transients", IEEE Trans. on Power


July/August 1978.

[211] V. Brandwajn, W. Scott Mayer and H.W. Dommel,

"Synchronous machine initialization for unbalanced

network conditions within an electromagnetic transientsprogram", Proc. of IEEE PICA, pp. 38-41, May 1979.

[212] V. Brandwajn, "Representation of magnetic saturation

in the synchronous machine model in an

electromagnetic transients program", IEEE Trans. on


1996-2002, September/October 1980.

[213] D. Van Dommelen, "Optimization of initial values of

mechanical variables of turbine-generator units in an



4990-4994, December 1981.

[214] H.K. Lauw and W. Scott Meyer, "Universal machine

modeling for the representation of rotating machineryin an electromagnetic transients program",IEEE Trans.


1342-1352, June 1982.

[215] A.M. Gole, R.W. Menzies, H.M. Turanli and D.A.

Woodford, "Improved interfacing of electrical machine

models to electromagnetic transients programs",IEEE


9, pp. 2446-2451, September 1984.

[216] H.K. Lauw, "Interfacing for universal multi-machine

system modeling in an electromagnetic transients

program", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 104, no. 9, pp. 2367-2373, September

1985.

[217] G.J. Rogers and D. Shirmohammadi, "Induction

machine modelling for electromagnetic transient

program", IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 2,

no. 4, pp. 622-628, December 1987.

[218] P.G. McLaren and M.H. Abdel-Rahman, "Modeling

of large AC motor coils for steep-fronted surge

studies", IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol.

24, no. 3, pp. 422-426, May/June 1988.

[219] E.P. Dick et al., "Equivalent circuit for simulating

switching surges at motor terminals",IEEE Trans. on

Energy Conversion, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 696-704,

September 1988.[220] J.L. Guardado and K.J. Cornick, "A computer model

for calculating steep-fronted surge distribution in

machine windings", IEEE Trans. on Energy

Conversion, vol. 4, no. 1, 95-101, March 1989.

[221] A. Narang, B.K. Gupta, E.P. Dick and D.K. Sharma,

"Measurement and analysis of surge distribution in

motor stator windings", IEEE Trans. on Energy

Conversion, vol. 4, no. 1, 126-134, March 1989.

[222] E.P. Dick, R.W. Cheung and J.W. Porter, "Generator

models for overvoltages simulations",IEEE Trans. on

Power Delivery, vol. 6, no. 2, 728-735, April 1991.

[223] W. Xu, J.R. Marti and H.W. Dommel, "A

synchronous machine model for three-phase harmonic

analysis and EMTP initialization", IEEE Trans. onPower Systems, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1530-1538,

November 1991.

[224] A. Domijan and Y. Yin, "Single-phase induction

machine simulation using the Electromagnetic

Transients Program : Theory and test cases", IEEE

Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 9, no. 3, pp.

535-542, September 1994.

[225] H. Knudsen, "Extended Park's transformation for

2x3-phase synchronous machine and converter phasor

model with representation of harmonics",IEEE Trans.

on Energy Conversion, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 126-132,

March 1995.

[226] N.J. Bacalao, P. de Arizon and R.O. Snchez, "Amodel for the synchronous machine using frequency

response measurements", IEEE Trans. on Power

Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 457-464, February 1995.

[227] R. Hung and H.W. Dommel, "Synchronous machine

models for simulation of induction motor transients",


833-838, May 1996.

[228] J.R. Marti and K.W. Louie, "A phase-domain

synchronous generator model including saturation

effects", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 12, no.

1, pp. 222-229, February 1997.

3.7 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

[229] CIGRE Working Group 13.01, "Practical application

of arc physics in circuit breakers. Survey of calculation

methods and application guide",Electra, no. 118, pp.

64-79, 1988.

[230] CIGRE Working Group 13.01, "Applications of black

box modelling to circuit breakers", Electra, no. 149,

pp. 40-71, August 1993.

[231] J.A. Martinez-Velasco, "Circuit breaker representation

for TRV calculations", EEUG Meeting 1995,

Hannover, November 13-15, 1995.

[232] V. Phaniraj and A.G. Phadke, "Modeling of circuitbreakers in the electromagnetic transients program",


799-805, May 1988.

[233] L. van der Sluis, W.R. Rutgers and C.G.A. Koreman,

"A physical arc model for the simulation of current

zero behaviour of high-voltage circuit breakers",IEEE



11/20

8-11

1016-1022, April 1992.

[234] Z. Ma et al., "An investigation of transient overvoltage

generation when switching high voltage shunt reactors

by SF6 circuit breaker", IEEE Trans. on Power


[235] J. Mahseredjian, M. Landry and B. Khodabakhchian,

"The new EMTP breaker arc model", Proceedings ofIPST'97, pp. 245-249, June 22-26, 1997, Seattle.

[236] J. Kosmac and P. Zunko, "A statistical vacuum circuit

breaker model for simulation of transients

overvoltages", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

10, no. 1, pp. 294-300, January 1995.

[237] M.T. Glinkowski, M.R. Gutierrez and D. Braun,

"Voltage escalation and reignition behavior of vacuum

circuit breakers during load shedding",IEEE Trans. on


1997.

[238] D.A. Woodford and L.M. Wedepohl, "Impact of

circuit breaker pre-strike on transmission line

energization transients", Proceedings of IPST'97, pp.250-253, June 22-26, 1997, Seattle.

3.8 PROTECTION SYSTEMS

[239] J. Lucas et al., "Improved simulation models for

current and voltage transformers in relay studies",


152-159, January 1992.

[240] M. Kezunovic et al., "Digital models of coupling

capacitor voltage transformers for protective relay

transient studies", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1927-1935, October 1992.

[241] M. Kezunovic et al., "Experimental evaluations of

EMTP-based current transformer models for protective

relay transient study",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 405-413, January 1994.

[242] M. Kezunovic et al., "A new method for the CCVT

performance analysis using field measurements, signal

processing and EMTP modeling", IEEE Trans. on


1994.

[243] M.R. Iravani et al., "Digital time-domain investigation

of transient behaviour of coupling capacitor voltage

transformer",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 13,

no. 2, pp. 622-629, April 1998.[244] J.R. Marti, L.R. Linares and H.W. Dommel, "Current

transformers and coupling-capacitor voltage

transformers in real-time simulations",IEEE Trans. on


1997.

[245] J. Izykowski et al., "Dynamic compensation of

capacitive voltage transformers", IEEE Trans. on


1998.

[246] A. Domijan and M.V. Emami, "State space relay

modeling and simulation using the Electromagnetic

Transients Program and its Transient Analysis of

Control Systems capability", IEEE Trans. on Energy

Conversion, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 697-702, December1990.

[247] J.N. Peterson and R.W. Wall, "Interactive relay

controlled power system modeling", IEEE Trans. on


1991.

[248] R.E. Wilson and J.M. Nordstrom, "EMTP transient

modeling of a distance relay and a comparison with

EMTP laboratory testing", IEEE Trans. on Power


[249] A.K.S. Chaudhary, K.S. Tam and A.G. Phadke,

"Protection system representation in the



[250] M.T. Glinkowski and J. Esztergalyos, "Transient

modeling of electromechanical relays. Part I :

Armature type overcurrent relays", IEEE Trans. on


1996.

[251] M.T. Glinkowski and J. Esztergalyos, "Transient

modeling of electromechanical relays. Part II : Plunger

Type 50 relays",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

11, no. 2, pp. 771-782, April 1996.

[252] J.A. Martinez-Velasco and L. Kojovic, "ATP modeling

of electromechanical relays", Proceedings of IPST'97,

pp. 446-451, June 22-26, 1997, Seattle.

[253] P.A. Crossley, H.Y. Li and A.D. Parker, "Design and

evaluation of a circulating current differential relay test

system",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 13, no.

2, pp. 427-433, April 1998.

3.9 OTHER COMPONENTS

[254] J.A. Martinez-Velasco, R. Abdo and G. Capolino,

"Advanced representation of power semiconductors

using the EMTP", Proceedings of IPST'95, pp. 505-

510, September 3-7, 1995, Lisbon.

[255] C. Wong, "EMTP modeling of IGBT dynamicperformance for power dissipation estimation", IEEE

Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 33, no. 1, pp.

64-71, January/February 1997.

[256] A. Petit, G. St-Jean and G. Fecteau, "Empirical model

of a current-limiting fuse using EMTP", IEEE Trans.


January 1989.


12/20

8-12

[257] L. Kojovic and S. Hassler, "Application of current

limiting fuses in distribution systems for improved

power quality and protection",IEEE Trans. on Power

Delivery, vol. 12, no. 2, 791-800, April 1997.

4. MODELING GUIDELINES

[258] CIGRE Working Group 02 (SC 33), "Guidelines for

Representation of Network Elements when Calculating

Transients", 1990.

[259] IEEE Task Force on Slow Transients (M.R. Iravani,

Chairman), "Modeling and Analysis Guidelines for

slow transients. Part I : Torsional Oscillations;

Transient Torques; Turbine blade vibrations; Fast bus

transfer",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 10, no.

4, pp. 1950-1955, October 1995.


Chairman), "Modeling and Analysis Guidelines for

slow transients. Part II : Controller Interactions;Harmonic Interactions", IEEE Trans. on Power



Chairman), "Modeling And Anlysis Guidelines for

slow transients - Part III : The study of ferroreso-

nance", 1998 IEEE Summer Power Meeting, July 12-

16, San Diego.

[262] IEEE TF on Fast Front Transients (A. Imece,

Chairman), "Modeling guidelines for fast transients",

IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 11, no. 1,

January 1996.

[263] IEEE TF on Very Fast Transients (D. Povh,

Chairman), "Modeling and analysis guidelines for very

fast transients", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

11, no. 4, October 1996.

[264] IEEE Task Force on Power Electronics (L. Tang,

Chairman), "Guidelines for modeling power electronics

in electric power engineering applications", IEEE


505-514, January 1997.

5. SIMULATION TOOLS

[265] K. Carlsen, E.H. Lenfest and J.J. LaForest,

"MANTRAP : Machine and network transientsprogram", Proc. of IEEE PICA, pp. 144-151, 1975.

[266] S.N. Talukdar, "METAP - A modular and expandable

program for simulating power system transients",IEEE


6, pp. 1882-1891, November/December 1976.

[267] F.L. Alvarado, R.H. Lasseter and Y. Liu, "An

integrated engineering simulation environment",IEEE


February 1988.

[268] F.L. Alvarado and Y. Liu, "General purpose symbolic

simulation tools for electric networks",IEEE Trans. on


[269] P. Bornard, P. Erhard and P. Fauquembergue,

"MORGAT : A data processing program for testingtransmission line protective relays", IEEE Trans. on


1988.

[270] W. Long et al. "EMTP. A powerful tool for analyzing

power system transients",IEEE Computer Applications

in Power, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 36-41, July 1990.

[271] E. Gunther, T. Grebe, R. Adapa and D. Mader,

"Running EMTP on PCs", IEEE Computer

Applications in Power, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 33-38,

January 1993.

[272] H.K. Hoidalen, "ATPDRAW - Reference Manual",

Portland, 1994.

[273] O. Nayak, G. Irwin and A. Neufeld, "GUI enhanceselectromagnetic transients simulation tools", IEEE

Computer Applications in Power, vol. 8, no. 1, pp.

17-22, January 1995.

[274] P. Lehn, J. Rittiger and B. Kulicke, "Comparison of

the ATP version of the EMTP and the NETOMAC

program for simulation of HVDC systems", IEEE


2048-2053, October 1995.

[275] J. Mahseredjian and F. Alvarado, "Creating an

electromagnetic transients program in MATLAB :

MatEMTP",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 12,

no. 1, pp. 380-388, January 1997.

[276] A. Gole and A. Daneshpooy, "Towards open systems

: A PSCAD/EMTDC to MATLAB interface",

Proceedings of IPST'97, pp. 446-451, June 22-26,

1997, Seattle.

[277] G. Wild et al., "An integrated simulation and control

implementation environment", Proceedings of IPST'97,

pp. 446-451, June 22-26, 1997, Seattle.

[278] K. Vu et al., "Simulation tool for distribution-system

modeling, analysis and algorithm testing", Proceedings

of IPST'97, pp. 446-451, June 22-26, 1997, Seattle.

[279] J. Mahseredjian et al., "A link between EMTP and

MATLAB for user defined modeling",IEEE Trans. on


6. APPLICATIONS AND CASE STUDIES

6.1 OVERVOLTAGE AND TRV CALCULATIONS

[280] W. Diesendorf, Insulation Coordination in High


13/20

8-13

Voltage Electric Power Systems, Butterworth, London,

1974.

[281] IEEE Seminar Report, "Power Systems Transient

Recovery Voltages", 87TH0176-8-PWR.

[282] CIGRE WG 13.02, "Interruption of small inductive

currents", December 1995.

[283] T. Sakurai, K. Murotani and K. Oonishi, "Suppressionof temporary overvoltages caused by transformer and

AC filter inrush currents at the Shin-Shinano frequency

converter station", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus

and Systems, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 1608-1613, April

1981.

[284] T. Adielson, A. Carlson, H.B. Margolis and J.A.

Halladay, "Resonant overvoltages in EHV

transformers", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 100, no. 7, pp. 3563-3572, July 1981.

[285] F. Il iceto, E. Cinieri and A. Di Vita, "Overvoltages

due to open-phase occurrence in reactor compensated

EHV lines", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 474-482, March 1984.[286] J.A. Halladay and C.H. Shih, "Resonant overvoltage

phenomena caused by transmission line fault", IEEE


9, pp. 2531-2539, September 1985.

[287] O. Bourgault and G. Morin, "Analysis of harmonic

overvoltage due to transformer saturation following

load shedding on Hydro-Quebec - NYPA 765 kV

interconnection",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

5, no. 1, pp. 397-405, January 1990.

[288] D.A.N. Jacobson, D.R. Swatek and R.W. Mazur,

"Mitigating potential transformer ferroresonance in a

230 kV converter station", 1996 IEEE Transmission

and Distribution Conference Proceedings, Los Angeles,

September 15-20.

[289] J.R. Harries and J.L. Randall, "Harmonic resonance

on parallel high voltage transmission lines", IEEE


482, January 1997.

[290] M.M. Adibi, R.W. Alexander and B. Avramovic

(Power System Restoration WG), "Overvoltage control

during restoration", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,


[291] Y. Rajotte, J. Fortin and G. Raymond, "Impedance of

multigrounded neutrals on rural distribution systems",

IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 10, no. 3, pp.1453-1459, July 1995.

[292] W.F. Long, "A study on some switching aspects of a

double circuit HVDC transmission line", IEEE Trans.

Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 92, pp. 734-741,

March/April 1973.

[293] B.R. Shperling and A. Fakheri, "Single-phase

switching parameters for untransposed EHV

transmission lines",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus

and Systems, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 643-654, March/April

1979.

[294] B.C. Papadias, "The accuracy of statistical methods in

evaluating the insulation of EHV systems", IEEE


3, pp. 992-999, May/June 1979.[295] S.H. Sarkinen, G.G. Schockelt and J.H. Brunke,

"High frequency switching surges in EHV shunt

reactor installation with reduced insulation levels",


98, no. 3, pp. 1013-1021, May/June 1979.

[296] D. Bhasavanich et al., "Digital simulation and field

measurements of transients associated with large

capacitor bank switching on distribution systems",


104, no. 8, pp. 2274-2282, August 1985.

[297] A.C. Legate, J.H. Brunke, J.J. Ray and E.J. Yasuda,

"Elimination of closing resistor on EHV circuit

breakers",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 3, no.1, pp. 223-231, January 1988.

[298] R.S. Bayless et al., "Capacitor switching and

transformer transients", IEEE Trans. on Power


[299] J.R. Ribeiro and M.E. McCallum, "An application of

metal oxide surge arresters in the elimination of need

for closing resistors in EHV breakers", IEEE Trans.


January 1989.

[300] E.J. Michelis, "Comparison between measurement and

calculation of line switching with inductive and

complex source",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

4, no. 2, pp. 1432-1440, April 1989.

[301] K.H. Lee and J.M. Schneider, "Rockport transient

voltage monitoring system : Analysis and simulation of

recorded waveform",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1794-1805, July 1989.

[302] G.T. Wrate et al., "Transient overvoltages on a three

terminal DC transmission system due to monopolar

ground faults", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

5, no. 2, pp. 1047-1053, April 1990.

[303] K.C. Lee and K.P. Poon, "Statistical switching

overvoltage analysis of the first B.C. Hydro phase

shifting transformer using the Electromagnetic

Transients Program",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1054-1060, November 1990.

[304] B.C. Furumasu and R.M. Hasibar, "Design and

installations of 500-kV back-to-back shunt capacitor

banks", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 7, no.

2, pp. 539-545, April 1992.

[305] F. Iliceto, F.M. Gatta, E. Cinieri and G. Asan, "TRVs

across circuit breakers of series compensated lines.


14/20

8-14

Status with present technology and analysis for the

Turkish 420-kV grid", IEEE Trans. on Power


[306] A.K. McCabe et al., "Design and testing of a

three-break 800 kV SF6 circuit breaker with ZnO

varistors for shunt reactor switching",IEEE Trans. on


[307] N. Kolcio et al., "Transient overvoltages and

overcurrents on 12.47 kV distribution lines : Computer

modeling results", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 359-366, January 1993.

[308] B. Bhargava et al., "Effectiveness of pre-insertion

inductors for mitigating remote overvoltages due to

shunt capacitor energization", IEEE Trans. on Power


[309] D. Elkins, A.C. Jain and T.E. McDermott,

"Transients during 138-kV SF6 breaker switching of

low inductance currents", IEEE Trans. on Industry

Applications, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 721-726, July/August1993.

[310] R.G. Andrei, A.J.F. Keri, R.J. Albanese and P.B.

Johnson, "Bridge capacitor bank installation concept

reactive power generation in EHV systems", IEEE

Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 8, no. 4, pp.

1463-1470, November 1993.

[311] C.W. Taylor and A.L. Van Leuven, "CAPS :

Improving power system stability using the time-

overvoltage capability of large shunt capacitor banks",


783-792, April 1996.

[312] D.F. Peelo et al., "Mitigation of circuit breaker

transient recovery voltages associated with current

limiting reactors", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 865-871, April 1996.

[313] Q. Bui-Van et al., "Performance of series-compensated

line circuit breakers under delayed current-zero

conditions",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 12,

no. 1, pp. 227-233, January 1997.

[314] K. Froehlich et al., "Controlled closing on shunt

reactor compensated transmission lines. Part I :

Closing control device development",IEEE Trans. on


1997.

[315] K. Froehlich et al., "Controlled closing on shuntreactor compensated transmission lines. Part II :

Application of closing control device for high speed

autoreclosing on BC Hydro 500 kV transmission line",


741-746, April 1997.

[316] L. Prikler, G. Ban and G. Banfai, "EMTP models for

simulation of shunt reactor switching transients",

Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 19, no. 4,

pp. 235-240, May 1997.

[317] X. Wang and M.R. Iravani, "Energization transients

of shunt reactors", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,


[318] J.J. Burke and E.C. Sakshaug, "The application of

gapless arresters on underground distribution systems",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol.

100, no. 3, pp. 1234-1243, March 1981.

[319] J. Ozawa et al., "Lightning surge analysis in a multi-

conductor system for substation insulation design",


104, no. 8, pp. 2244-2254, August 1985.

[320] F. Iliceto et al., "New concepts on MV distribution

from insulated shield wires of HV lines",IEEE Trans.


October 1989.

[321] M. Rioual, "Measurements and computer simulation of

fast transients through indoor and outdoor substations",

IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 5, no. 1, pp.117-123, January 1990.

[322] J. Panek, M. Sublich and H. Elahi, "Criteria for

phase-to-phase clearances of HV substations", IEEE


January 1990.

[323] H. Elahi et al., "Lightning overvoltage protection of

the Paddock 362-145 kV gas-insulated substation",


144-150, January 1990.

[324] Q. Bui-Van et al., "Overvoltage studies for the

St-Lawrence River 500-kV DC cable crossing", IEEE


1205-1215, July 1991.

[325] A.J.F. Keri, Y.I. Musa and J.A. Halladay, "Insulation

coordination for delta connected transformers", IEEE


April 1994.

[326] M. Sanders, G. Kppl and J. Kreuzer, "Insulation

co-ordination aspects for power stations with generator

circuit breakers",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

10, no. 3, July 1995.

[327] A. Inoue and S. Kanao, "Observation and analysis of

multi-phase grounding faults caused by lightning",


353-360, January 1996.[328] N. Fujiwara et al., "Development of a pin-post

insulator with built-in metal oxide varistors for

distribution lines", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 824-833, April 1996.

[329] Y. Matsumoto et al., "Measurement of lightning surges

on test transmission line equipped with arresters struck

by natural and triggered lightning", IEEE Trans. on


15/20

8-15


1996.

[330] R.J. Harrington and M. Mueen, "A simple approach

to improve lightning performance of an uprated

substation",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 11,

no. 3, pp. 1633-1639, July 1996.

[331] K. Nakada et al., "Energy absorption of surge arresterson power distribution lines due to direct lightning

strokes", Paper PE-384-PWRD-0-01-1997, presented

at the 1997 IEEE PES Winter Meeting, February 2-6,

1997, New York.

[332] H. Motoyama et al., "Observation and analysis of

multiphase back flashover on the Okushishiku test

transmission line caused by winter lightning", Paper

PE-204-PWRD-0-12-1997, presented at the 1998 IEEE

PES Winter Meeting, February 1-5, 1998, Tampa.

[333] F.E. Menter and L. Grcev, "EMTP-based model for

grounding system analysis", IEEE Trans. on Power


[334] M. Heimbach and L. Grcev, "Grounding systemanalysis in transients programs applying

electromagnetic field approach", IEEE Trans. on


1997.

[335] S. Narimatsu et al., "Interrupting performance of

capacitive current by disconnecting switch for gas

insulated switchgear", IEEE Trans. on Power


2732, June 1981.

[336] S. Matsumara and T. Nitta, "Surge propagation in gas

insulated substation",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus

and Systems, vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 3047-3054, June

1981.

[337] S.A. Boggs et al., "Disconnect switch induced

transients and trapped charge in gas-insulated

substations", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and

Systems, vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 3593-3602, October

1982.

[338] N. Fujimoto, E.P. Dick, S.A. Boggs and G.L. Ford,

"Transient ground potential rise in gas-insulated

substations - Experimental studies", IEEE Trans. on


3603-3609, October 1982.

[339] E.P. Dick, N. Fujimoto, G.L. Ford and S. Harvey,

"Transient ground potential rise in gas-insulatedsubstations - Problem identification and mitigation",


101, no. 6, pp. 3610-3619, October 1982.

[340] L. Blahous and T. Gysel, "Mathematical investigation

of the transient overvoltages during disconnector

switching in GIS", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus

and Systems, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 3088-3097,

September 1983.

[341] S. Ogawa et al., "Estimation of restriking transient

overvoltage on disconnecting switch for GIS", IEEE


April 1986.

[342] T. Yoshida et al., "Distribution of induced grounding

current in large-capacity GIS using multipointgrounding system", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 120-127, October 1986.

[343] J. Ozawa et al., "Suppression of fast transient

overvoltage during gas disconnector switching in GIS",


194-201, October 1986.

[344] S. Yanabu et al., "Estimation of fast transient

overvoltage in gas-insulated substation", IEEE Trans.


October 1990.

[345] S. Okabe, M. Kan and T. Kouno, "Analysis of surges

measured at 550 kV substations", IEEE Trans. on

Power Delivery, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1462-1468, October1991.

[346] Z. Haznadar, C. Carsimamovic and R. Mahmutceha-

jic, "More accurate modeling of gas insulated

substation components in digital simulations of very

fast electromagnetic transients",IEEE Trans. on Power


[347] A. Ardito et al., "Accurate modeling of capacitively

graded bushings for calculation of fast transient

overvoltages in GIS",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1316-1327, July 1992.

[348] Y. Yamagata et al., "Suppresion of VFT in 1100 kV

GIS by adopting resistor-fitted disconnector", IEEE


872-880, April 1996.

6.2 SECONDARY ARC STUDIES

[349] A.J. Fakheri et al., "Single-phase switching tests on

the AEP 675 kV system - Extinction time for large

secondary arc currents", IEEE Trans. on Power


2783, August 1983.

[350] S. Goldberg, W. Horton and D. Tziouvaras, "A

computer model of the secondary arc in single-phase

operation of transmission lines", IEEE Trans. onPower Delivery, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 586-595, January

1989.

[351] G. Thomann, S.R. Lambert and S. Phaloprakan,

"Non-optimum compensation schemes for single pole

reclosing on EHV double circuit transmission lines",

IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 651

-659, April 1993.


16/20

8-16

[352] D. Woodford, "Secondary arc effects in AC/DC

hybrid transmission",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 704-711, April 1993.

[353] M. Kizilcay and T. Pniok, "Digital simulation of fault

arcs in power systems", European Transactions on

Electrical Power Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 55-

60, January/February 1991.

6.3 SUBSYNCHRONOUS RESONANCE

[354] P.M. Anderson, B.L. Agrawal and J.E. Van Ness,

Subsynchronous Resonance in Power Systems, IEEE

Press, New York, 1990.

[355] IEEE Subsynchronous Resonance Task Force, "First

benchmark model for computer simulation of

subsynchronous resonance", IEEE Trans. on Power


1572, Septembr/October 1977.

[356] IEEE Subsynchronous Resonance Working Group,

"Second benchmark model for computer simulation ofsubsynchronous resonance", IEEE Trans. on Power


1066, May 1985.

[357] B.L. Agrawal and R.G. Farmer, "Effective damping

for SSR analysis of parallel turbine-generators",IEEE

Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 3, no. 4, pp.

1441-1448, November 1988.

[358] IEEE Subsynchronous Resonance WG, "Comparison

of SSR calculations and test results", IEEE Trans. on

Power Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 336-344, February

1989.

[359] M.R. Iravani, "Coupling phenomenon of torsional

modes", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 4, no.

3, pp. 881-888, August 1989.

[360] R.M. Hamouda, M.R. Iravani and R. Hackam,

"Torsional oscillations of series capacitor compensated

AC/DC systems",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol.

4, no. 3, pp. 889-896, August 1989.

[361] M.R. Iravani, "Torsional oscillations of

unequally-loaded parallel identical turbine-generators",


1514-1524, October 1989.

[362] A. Edris, "Series compensated schemes reducing the

potential of subsynchronous resonance", IEEE Trans.

on Power Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 219-226,February 1990.

[363] M.R. Iravani, "A method for reducing transient

torsional stresses of turbine-generator shaft segments",

IEEE Trans. on Power Systems , vol. 7, no. 1, pp.

20-27, February 1992.

[364] M.R. Iravani and A. Semlyen, "Hopf bifurcations in

torsional dynamics", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,


[365] V. Atarod, P.L. Dandeno and M.R. Iravani, "Impact

of synchronous machine constants and models on the

analysis of torsional dynamics",IEEE Trans. on Power


1992.

[366] A. Edris, "Subsynchronous resonance countermeasureusing phase imbalance", IEEE Trans. on Power


1993.

[367] W. Shi and M.R. Iravani, "Effect of HVDC line faults

on transient torsional torques of turbine-generator

shafts",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 9, no. 3,

pp. 1457-1464, August 1994.

[368] M.K. Donnelly et al., "Control of a dynamic brake to

reduce turbine-generator shaft transient torques",IEEE


February 1993.

[369] R.A. Achilles, "Predicting shaft torque amplification",

IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp.407-412, February 1995.

6.4 POWER ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS : HVDC, FACTS

AND CUSTOM POWER DEVICES, ADJUSTABLE SPEED

DRIVES

[370] J. Reeve and S.P. Chen, "Versatile interactive digital

simulator based on EMTP for AC/DC power system

transient studies", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus

and Systems, vol. 103, no. 12, pp. 3625-3633,

December 1984.

[371] J. Reeve and S.P. Chen, "Digital simulation of a

multiterminal HVDC transmission system", IEEE


12, pp. 3634-3642, December 1984.

[372] D.A. Woodford, "Validation of digital simulation of

DC links", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and


1985.

[373] T. Ino et al., "Validation of digital simulation of DC

links - Part II",IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and


1985.

[374] S. Bhattacharya and H.W. Dommel, "A new

commutation margin control representation for digitalsimulation of HVDC system transients", IEEE Trans.


August 1988.

[375] J. Reeve and R. Adapa, "A new approach to dynamic

analysis of AC networks incorporating detailed

modeling of DC systems. Part I : Principles and

implementation",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.


17/20

8-17

3, no. 4, pp. 2005-2011, October 1988.

[376] R. Adapa and J. Reeve, "A new approach to dynamic

analysis of AC networks incorporating detailed

modeling of DC systems. Part II : Application to

interaction of DC and weak AC systems",IEEE Trans.


October 1988.[377] S.Arabi, M.Z. Tarnawecky and M.R. Iravani,

"Dynamic performance of an HVDC quasi 24-pulse

series tapping station", IEEE Trans. on Power


[378] H.R. Puente et al., "Energization of large shunt

reactors near static VAR compensators and HVDC

converters", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 4,

no. 1, pp. 629-636, January 1989.

[379] T. Shome et al., "Adjusting converter controls for

paralleled DC converters using a digital transient

simulation program",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,


[380] L.A.S. Pilotto, M. Szechtman and A.E. Hammad,"Transient AC voltage related phenomena for HVDC

schemes connected to weak AC systems",IEEE Trans.

on Power Delivery, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1396-1404, July

1992.

[381] P. Kuffel et al., "Development and validation of

detailed controls models of the Nelson River Bipole 1

HVDC system",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

8, no. 1, pp. 351-358, January 1993.

[382] A. Hammad et al., "Controls modelling and

verification for the Pacific Intertie HVDC 4-terminal

scheme",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 8, no.

1, pp. 367-375, January 1993.

[383] G. Morin et al., "Modeling of the Hydro-Quebec -

New England HVDC system and digital control with

EMTP", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 8, no.

2, pp. 559-566, April 1993.

[384] J. Reeve and M. Sultan, "Robust adaptive control of

HVDC systems",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

9, no. 3, pp. 1487-1493, July 1994.

[385] X. Jiang and A.M. Gole, "Energy recovery filter with

variable quality factor", IEEE Trans. on Power


[386] O.B. Nayak et al., "Dynamic performance of static and

synchronous compensators at an HVDC inverter bus in

a very weak AC system", IEEE Trans. on PowerDelivery, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1350-1358, August 1994.

[387] R. Verdolin et al., "Induced overvoltages on an

AC-DC hybrid transmission system", IEEE Trans. on


1995.

[388] A. Sarshar, M.R. Iravani and J. Li, "Calculation of

HVDC converter noncharacteristic harmonics using

digital time-domain simulation methods",IEEE Trans.


January 1996.

[389] M. Sato et al., "HVDC converter control for fast

power recovery after AC system fault", IEEE Trans.


July 1997.[390] R.H. Lasseter and S.Y. Lee, "Digital simulation of

static VAR system transients",IEEE Trans. on Power

Apparatus and Systems, vol. 101, no. 10, pp.

4171-4177, October 1982.

[391] J. He and N. Mohan, "Switch-mode var compensator

with minimized switching losses and energy storage

elements",IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 5, no.

1, pp. 90-95, February 1990.

[392] A.M. Gole and V.K. Sood, "A static compensator

model for use with electromagnetic transients

simulation programs",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1398-1407, July 1990.

[393] E. Lerch, D. Povh and L. Xu, "Advanced SVCcontrol for damping power system oscillations",IEEE


May 1991.

[394] S.Y. Lee et al.,"Detailed modeling of static var

compensators using the Electromagnetic Transients

Program (EMTP)", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,

vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 836-847, April 1992.

[395] A.N. Vasconcelos et al. "Detailed modeling of an

actual static var compensator for electromagnetic

transients studies", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,


[396] S. Lefebvre and L. Grin-Lajoie, "A static

compensator model for the EMTP", IEEE Trans. on


[397] H.K. Tyll et al., "Design considerations for the Eddy

County static var compensator", IEEE Trans. on


1994.

[398] W. Xu et al., "Harmonics from SVC transformer

saturation with direct current offset", IEEE Trans. on


1994.

[399] R.A. Kagalwala et al., "Transient analysis of

distribution class adaptive var compensators :

Simulation and field test results", IEEE Trans. onPower Delivery, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1119-1125, April

1995.

[400] Q. Zhao and J. Jiang, "Robust SVC controller design

for improving power system damping", IEEE Trans.


November 1995.

[401] J.A. Martinez, "EMTP simulation of a digitally-


18/20

8-18

controlled static var system for optimal load

compensation",IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol.

10, no. 3, pp. 1408-1415, July 1995.

[402] N.C. Abi-Smara et al., "Analysis of thyristor-

controlled shunt SSR countermeasures", IEEE Trans.


584-597, March 1985.[403] W. Zhu et al., "An EMTP study of SSR mitigation

using the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor",IEEE


1479-1485, July 1995.

[404] R.J. Piwko et al., "Subsynchronous resonance

performance tests of the Slatt thyristor-controlled series

capacitor", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 11,

no. 2, pp. 1112-1119, April 1996.

[405] R. Rajaraman et al., "Computing the damping of

subsynchronous oscillations due to a thyristor

controlled series capacitor", IEEE Trans. on Power


[405] B. Pilvelait, T.H. Ortmeyer and D. Maratukulam,"Advanced series compensation for transmission

systems using a switched capacitor module", IEEE


April 1993.

[406] S.G. Helbing and G.G. Karady, "Investigat

Documents

Chap8-Bibliography