Chapter 01: European Settlement of North America

SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century.

SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed.

SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.

(18 Note Cards Required)

1.1 The First Europeans

ColoniesTerritories established by the government of a nation in a foreign land.

SpainThe Spanish were the first to arrive and establish strong settlements. They dominated much of South America, modern-day Mexico, and what eventually became the US Southwest, Florida, and parts of Georgia.

Columbian ExchangeWidespread transfer of agricultural goods between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that occurred after 1492.

The French Settlements

FranceThe French took advantage of rivers and inland waterways to control parts of the interior. France made great amounts of money from the fur trade.

Why the French Explored North AmericaI. Reasons why France explored North America:

A. To Christianize the Native Americans.

B. To deal in furs, not gold

II. Unlike the Spanish, the French were friendly toward the Indians.

Located in Middle America from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi River.

Where is New France Located?

Quebec France's first successful colony in North America which rested along the shores of the St. Lawrence River.

Established in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain.

American HistoryUnit 02:

The English Colonies

Joint-Stock CompanyA company owned by a group of investors.

Indentured ServantsPeople who agreed to work for a landowner for up to seven years in exchange for that landowner paying for their trip to North America.

After seven years they were suppose to become landowners themselves.

I. Roanoke A. The English first attempt to settle the New world.

II. Became the first American history mystery??????? A. Called the "Lost Colony." B. Only one clue left behind to tell of the settlement's disappearance. 1. Cro and the Croatoans. C. What happened? 1. Pirates, Indians, Spaniards, perhaps a hurricane? Nobody knows.

Sir Walter Raleigh

Roanoke

Roanoke Map

History Fun Fact:

Virginia Dare, born in 1587 on Roanoke Island, was the first child born of English parents in the New World.

Virginia CompanySponsored the Jamestown colony and hoped to make money off of the products and raw materials it produced.

Jamestown

First successful English colony in North America founded in Virginia in 1607.

Three small ships sailed from England to establish a colony in Virginia, arriving in May 1607. Jamestown became America's first permanent English settlement.

I. Mistakes of Jamestown: 1. Didn't follow advice. a. Jamestown’s location was wrong 1a. Settled in swampy area & many died from malaria. 2. Treated the Indians poorly. a. Fought them whenever they could. 3. Settlers wanted to be rich quick and didn’t plant crops. a. Too many “Gentlemen;” not accustomed to manual labor. b. Wanted to look for gold instead of planting crops.

Jamestown Mistakes

I. John Smith- Leader of Jamestown colonists A. "Don't work, you don't eat." B. Made men plant crops and trade with Indians.

Captain John Smith

John Smith

Brought to Jamestown as a captive, Captain John Smith became part of the governing council of Jamestown and an iconic historical figure due to his skillful leadership of the threatened colony and strong relationships with the Native Americans.

John Rolfe

Saved the colony when he discovered a new crop called tobacco.

TobaccoThe crop proved very profitable for growers, produced large revenues for the British government in taxes, and created a class of wealthy, large land owners in Virginia.

Led to many more colonists coming to Virginia.

SlaveryA system in which people are owned like property.

The first African Americans in the English colonies arrived in 1619 at Jamestown.

Africans, who arrived against their will in 1619 had no choice other than to adapt to the conditions in which they found themselves. This included learning new English customs and language and having their own traditions ignored or discouraged by those around them.

Plantation SystemEconomic system that relies on the production of cash crops by huge farms owned by wealthy landowners.

It made the South very dependent on slavery.

Although slavery was not a prominent component of the early Jamestown settlement, the institution took root in Virginia with the growth of the tobacco industry and became a prototype for the other colonies.

Headright System

This system promised 50 acres of land to those who would settle in the colony.

Religion

Religion, notably Protestantism, played a central role in the life of the colonists, illustrated by the famous cross-planting at Cape Henry and the early construction of several churches within the Jamestown colony.

Women

Starting in 1608, women began arriving in Jamestown, where many could achieve a status and freedom unheard of in England.

Arrival of Woman Men worked very hard to support their family. Women sent to colonies (sold for 120 lbs. of tobacco.) Ratio of 1 woman for every four men.

Chief PowhatanChief who led a confederation of Native Americans in Virginia. After initially going to war with the colonists he eventually negotiated an uneasy peace with them.

Powhatan was the paramount chief of some 30 Powhatan Indian tribes when English settlers arrived at Jamestown in 1607. His daughter Pocahontas befriended the English and at times served as intermediary between the two cultural groups.

Powhatans and Trade

Trade between the Jamestown settlers and the Powhatan Indians became increasingly important.  The English relied on the Indians for food and information, while the Powhatan found English copper and metal tools desirable.

Bacon’s RebellionRebellion of small farmers, indentured servants, and some slaves in western Virginia led by an aristocrat named Nathaniel Bacon.

Representative GovernmentsGovernments in which the people elect their own officials and have a voice.

Shareholder discontent with martial law in the new colony prompted the creation of the "New Charter" which directly led to the first legislative assembly in the New World.

House of Burgesses (1619)In 1619, Virginians established the colonies' first elected legislative body.

The Burgesses were selected directly by the people and, along with the governor and his appointed council, comprised Virginia's government.

Affects of European DiseasesI. Affects of European diseases on Native Americans A. Indians had no resistance. 1. Many succumbed to smallpox, whooping cough, and measles. B. Diseases wiped out 75% of the Native American population.