Upload
yubin-no-naimahtht
View
230
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
1/33
Industrial Hygiene
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
2/33
Outline
Definition & Introduction to Industrialhygiene
Industrial hygienists & Role
OSHA
Chemical hygiene plan
Management & control of hazard
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
3/33
Introduction
IH is the science of anticipating,recognizing, evaluating and controllingworkplace conditions that may cause
workers injury or illness.
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
4/33
The occupational Health & Safetyteam
1. Management committee
2. Industrial hygienist
3. Safety professional4. Occupational health nurse
5. Occupational medicine physician
6. Employees7. Safety & health committee
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
5/33
Definition & scope of IH
Stress in & from workplace may cause Sickness or injury
Impaired health & well-being
Significant discomfort/inefficiency among workers &community members
Industrial hygiene is the art devoted to: Anticipation: expectation of hazard existence
Recognition: presence of workplace exposure Evaluation: magnitude of exposure
Control: reduction to acceptable level
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
6/33
Major functions of IH: Anticipation
Design of process,equipment
Future legislation/regulations
Research
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
7/33
Major functions of IH:Recognition
Understand the industrial process-materials used,processes involved (set up,manufacturing, cleanup,maintenance)
Record of accidents and diseases
Walk around- senses, talk to workers etc. Take samples
Frequent major stresses Chemical:liquids,dusts,vapors,gases
Physical: noise,radiation,thermal Biological: Molds,fungi, infectious agents
Ergonomic: Biomechanics, work analysis
Safety hazards:falls, trips, fires
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
8/33
Major functions of IH:evaluation
Toxicity of substance
Concentration in the breathing zone
Manner of use
Length of time of the exposure
Controls already in place & their effectiveness
Any special susceptibilities of the employees
Sampling
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
9/33
Major functions of IH: Control
Isolation of process or operation
Substitution of less toxic materials
Alter process to reduce human contact
Ventilate to dilute/remove toxics
Reduce radiant energy:chemical,shielding,distance,
Use wet methods to reduce dust
Good housekeeping:clean workplace,proper wastedisposal, adequate hygiene facilities, drinking water,eatingfacilities
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
10/33
Industrial hygienist
Those who are trained in engineering,physics chemistry, environmentalscience, safety & biology through
education & experience. Functions in examine & analyze health
hazards & diseases in the workenvironment to keep employees safe &healthy from potential hazardousmaterials or situations
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
11/33
Role of an industrial hygienist
Direct the industrial hygiene program
Examine the work environment
Study work operations & processes
Obtain full details for:
Nature of work
Materials & equipment used
Products & byproducts No. & gender of employees
Working hours
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
12/33
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
13/33
Role of an industrial hygienistcont
Make specific decisions to the need for, oreffectiveness of control measures. Whennecessary, advice the suitable & effectiveprocedures for both environment & environs
Prepare rules, regulations, SOP for thehealthful conduct of work
Present expert testimony before courts of
law,hearing boards, workmens compensationcommissions, regulatory bodies covering allmatters pertaining to industrial hygiene
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
14/33
Role of an industrial hygienistcont
Prepare appropriate text for labels &precautionary information for materials &products to be used by workers & the public
Conduct programs for the education of
workers & the public in the prevention ofoccupational disease & community nuisance.
Conduct epidemiological studies amongworkers and industries to discover possibilities
of the presence of occupational diseases;establish or improve threshold limit values orstandards as guides for maintenance of health& efficiency
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
15/33
Role of an industrial hygienistcont
Conduct research to advance knowledgeconcerning the effects of occupationupon health; and means of preventing
occupational health impairment,community air pollution, noise, nuisance& related problems
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
16/33
Benefit of IH program
Improve health & hygiene
Reduce compensation
Improve job satisfaction Reduce absenteeism
Improve productivity
Improve workers attitude towardsmanagement
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
17/33
Federal regulations
Purpose: to ensure so far as possible thatevery working man & woman in the nation safe& in healthful working conditions; & topreserve our human resources
Employer duties: Furnish to each employee a place of employment,
free from recognized hazards that are causing orare more likely to cause death or serious harm to
their employees Comply with occupational safety & health standards
un
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
18/33
Occupational health relatedorganization in Malaysia
Department of Occupational Safety and Health(DOSH)
National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH) Malaysian Society for Occupational Safety and
Health (MSOSH)
Work & Environmental Health unit, IMR KKM Social Security Organization (SOCSO)
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
19/33
Role of Occupational safety & healthadministration (OSHA)
Encourage employers and employees toreduce workplace hazards
Implement new or improve existing safety &health standards
Provide for research in occupational safety &health; develop innovative ways of dealingwith occupational safety & health problems
Establish separate but dependant
responsibilities & rights for employers andemployees for the achievement of bettersafety & health conditions
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
20/33
Cont
Maintain a reporting and recordkeepingsystem to monitor job-related injuriesand illnesses
Establish training programs to increasethe number and competence ofoccupational safety & health personnel
Develop mandatory job safety & healthstandards & enforce them effectively
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
21/33
Exposure guidelines & standards
Time Weighted Average (TWA)
Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
Permissible exposure limits (PEL) The concentration of a substance in which
nearly all workers may be exposed daily fora working lifetime without adverse effects.
Based upon best available information from
Industrial experience
Experimental human studies
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
22/33
Skin notation
Refers to the potential contribution to theoverall exposure by the cutaneous routeincluding mucous membranes & eyes,
either by airborne or more particularly bydirect contact with the substance
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
23/33
CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
Purpose: to describe the proper use andhandling practices and procedures to befollowed by employees, students, visitors &other personnel working in each laboratory toprotect them from potential health & physicalhazards presented by chemicals used in theworkplace, and to keep chemical exposurebelow specified limits
Contains the minimum required precautions &standard operating procedures for workingwith laboratory chemicals in any laboratories.
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
24/33
CHP: general roles
Awareness
The chemical hazard, as determined from the bottlelabel
Safeguards for using that chemical
Location & proper use of emergency equipment How & where to properly store the chemical
Proper hygiene practices
Proper methods of transporting chemicals within
the facility Appropriate procedures for emergencies including
evacuation routes, spill up clean up procedures &proper waste disposal
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
25/33
CHP:General practices
Order the correct amount of a chemical
Wear the appropriate PPE
Weigh or measure hazardous chemicalsin the chemical fume hood
Clearly label all secondary container &store in a ventilated storage cabinet
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
26/33
CHP:General practicescont.
Procedures, which may generateaerosols or vapour, must be conductedin the chemical fume hood
Collect hazardous waste in a labeledcontainer and call the responsible personfor removal
Wash hands after chemical use whenleave lab
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
27/33
Cont
Review procedures with the supervisorwhenever there are any changes inoperation or results
Wash work surface after each use
Be aware of the safety hazards of thechemicals in your workplace. Know the
proper emergency procedure.
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
28/33
Control of hazards
Management commitment is the mostimportant component of a health & safetyprogram
Present ideas to management inbusiness terms
Present ideas to workers in language
they can understand
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
29/33
Control of hazards
Industrial hygienists should keepconfidential personal & businessinformation obtained during the exercise
of the IH activities, except when requiredby law or overriding health & safetyconsiderations
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
30/33
Hierarchy of control
Control of the source:chemicalsubstitution,redesign process,isolateprocess,enclose process
Control of the path: local exhaust ventilation,general ventilation,housekeeping,workmethods
Control the exposure to the worker: respirators& other PPE, administrative control,enclosethe worker, hygiene facilities & practices
Hi h f l
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
31/33
Hierarchy of control(another approach)
Engineering: equipment design,ventilation
Administrative controls:substitution,SOP,scheduling
Personal protective equipment
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
32/33
Regulation & recommendation for PPE
OSHA issues workplace health & safetyregulation.
Employer must:
Provide appropriate PPE for employees
Ensure that PPE is disposed orreusable,cleaned,laundered,repaired and
stored after use.
T f PPE d i h lth
8/2/2019 Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene
33/33
Types of PPE used in healthcaresettings
Gloves-protects hands Lab coat- minimal skin protection against
minor splashes Masks & respirators-protect mouth/nose Respirators- protect respiratory tract from
airborne infectious agents Goggles- protect eyes Face shield-protect face,mouth, nose,eyes Street clothing eg. Long sleeved shirts, pants
& closed shoes