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8/11/2019 Chapter 08 - Electricity for Water Supply.pdf
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IntroductionIntroduction
Water is the most important of all ourWater is the most important of all our
natural resourcesnatural resourcesA ready supply of water is a vital need forA ready supply of water is a vital need for
every farmevery farm Thee should be an adequate supply ofThee should be an adequate supply of
water and it must be pure for its intendedwater and it must be pure for its intended
use.use.
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Sources of WaterSources of Water
Surface waterSurface water
rivers, lake, farmrivers, lake, farmponds, andponds, and
reservoirsreservoirs
Underground waterUnderground water
wells and springswells and springs
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Classifications of WellsClassifications of Wells
According to Depth of WellAccording to Depth of Well
Shallow WellsShallow Wellslifting water is 22 feet or lesslifting water is 22 feet or less Deep WellsDeep Wellslifting water is 22 feet andlifting water is 22 feet and
aboveabove
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According to the Type of ConstructionAccording to the Type of Construction
Dug wellDug wellshallow, susceptible to pollutionshallow, susceptible to pollution Driven wellDriven wellshallow, safe, economicalshallow, safe, economical
Bored wellsBored wellsshallow, susceptible to pollutionshallow, susceptible to pollution Tubular WellsTubular Wellsdeep, safedeep, safe
Drilled WellsDrilled Wellsdeep, safedeep, safe
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Daily Water RequirementsDaily Water Requirements
UseUse Gal/dayGal/day
Each member of the familyEach member of the family 50 or 250 minimum per50 or 250 minimum per
householdhousehold
Each horseEach horse 1212
Each cow producing milkEach cow producing milk 4040
Each dry cow or steerEach dry cow or steer 1212
Each hogEach hog 44
Each sheepEach sheep 22
Each 100 chickenEach 100 chicken 66
Each 100 turkeysEach 100 turkeys 1818
Garden hose, in. nozzleGarden hose, in. nozzle 300300
Garden hose, 1/2 in. nozzleGarden hose, 1/2 in. nozzle 200200
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General Pump ClassificationsGeneral Pump Classifications
RotaryRotaryIt uses gears, vanes, lobe, or screw toIt uses gears, vanes, lobe, or screw totrap and convey fluid from inlet to the outlet oftrap and convey fluid from inlet to the outlet ofthe pump.the pump.
ReciprocatingReciprocatingIt uses a back and forth motionIt uses a back and forth motion
of mechanical parts such as piston orof mechanical parts such as piston ordiaphragms to pressurize the fluid.diaphragms to pressurize the fluid.
CentrifugalCentrifugalIt uses a centrifugal force impartedIt uses a centrifugal force imparted
to the fluid by one or more rotating elementsto the fluid by one or more rotating elementscalled impellers to increase the kinetic energycalled impellers to increase the kinetic energyand pressure energy of the fluid.and pressure energy of the fluid.
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Submersible-Type
Surface-Type
Examples of Centrifugal Pumps
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Types of Pump Commonly Used forTypes of Pump Commonly Used for
Pumping WaterPumping Water
Centrifugal PumpCentrifugal PumpA typeA type
of pump with impellersof pump with impellersrotating inside a closedrotating inside a closedcasing which draws watercasing which draws water
into the pump through ainto the pump through acentral inlet opening andcentral inlet opening andforces water out through aforces water out through a
discharge outlet at thedischarge outlet at theperiphery of the housing byperiphery of the housing bymeans of centrifugal force.means of centrifugal force.
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Mixed Flow PumpMixed Flow Pump
A type of pump whichA type of pump whichcombines some of thecombines some of thefeatures of bothfeatures of bothcentrifugal and the axialcentrifugal and the axialflow pump and in whichflow pump and in whichhead is developed partlyhead is developed partlyby the centrifugal forceby the centrifugal forceand partly by the loft ofand partly by the loft of
the vanes on the water.the vanes on the water.
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Applications of Electric PumpApplications of Electric Pump
SystemSystem Domestic WaterDomestic Water
supplysupplyAgroAgro--IndustrialIndustrial
Water SupplyWater Supply Irrigation WaterIrrigation Water
SupplySupply
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Pump for Domestic Water Supply
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Pumps TermsPumps Terms
CapacityCapacityIt is the amount of discharge ofIt is the amount of discharge of
a pump at maximum efficiency.a pump at maximum efficiency. DischargeDischargeIt is the volume of waterIt is the volume of water
pumped per unit time.pumped per unit time.
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HeadHead
It is the amount of energy requiredIt is the amount of energy required
to lift and move the water from anyto lift and move the water from anyarbitrary datum.arbitrary datum.
Friction HeadFriction Head -- It is the equivalent headIt is the equivalent headrequired to overcome the friction caused byrequired to overcome the friction caused bythe flow through the pipe and pipe fittings.the flow through the pipe and pipe fittings.
Static Suction HeadStatic Suction HeadIt is the verticalIt is the verticaldistance from the free suction water level todistance from the free suction water level tothe center line of the pump.the center line of the pump.
Static Discharge HeadStatic Discharge HeadIt is the verticalIt is the verticaldistance from the centerline of the pump todistance from the centerline of the pump tothe discharge water level.the discharge water level.
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HeadHead
Ht = Hs + Hd + Hf
where:
Ht - total head, m
Hs - suction head, m
Hd - discharge head, mHf - friction head, m
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Water HorsepowerWater Horsepower
It is the theoretical power required by the pumpIt is the theoretical power required by the pumpin pumping water.in pumping water.
WHP = Q H / 273
where:
WHP - water horsepower, hp
Q - discharge, m3/hr
H - vertical lift, m
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Brake HorsepowerBrake Horsepower
It is the power required to drive the pump shaftIt is the power required to drive the pump shaft
BHP = WHP / p
where:
BHP - brake horsepower, hpWHP - water horsepower, hp
p - pump efficiency, %
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Pump EfficiencyPump Efficiency
It is the ratio of the power output to theIt is the ratio of the power output to the
power input of the pump.power input of the pump.
p = WHP x 100 / BHP
where:
p - pump efficiency, %WHP - water horsepower, hp
BHP - brake horsepower, hp
O ll S t Effi i f W t
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Overall System Efficiency of WaterOverall System Efficiency of Water
PumpPump
Pump TypePump Type Overall SystemOverall System
EfficiencyEfficiency
New electric motor andNew electric motor andwater pumpwater pump
9595
Reconditioned pump andReconditioned pump and
motor unitsmotor units6060
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CavitationCavitationIt is the formation of cavities filledIt is the formation of cavities filled
with water vapor due to local pressure drop andwith water vapor due to local pressure drop andcollapse as soon as the vapor bubbles reachcollapse as soon as the vapor bubbles reach
regions of high pressure.regions of high pressure.
PrimingPrimingIt is the filling up of the pump withIt is the filling up of the pump withwater to displace or evacuate the entrapped airwater to displace or evacuate the entrapped air
through a vent and create a liquid seal inside thethrough a vent and create a liquid seal inside the
casing.casing.
F t t C id i thF t t C id i th
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Factors to Consider in theFactors to Consider in the
Selection of PumpSelection of Pump HeadHead--Capacity of the WellCapacity of the Well
Initial CostInitial Cost
Space requirementSpace requirement
Type of power unit and pumpType of power unit and pumpcharacteristicscharacteristics
Storage Capacity, rate of replenishment,Storage Capacity, rate of replenishment,and well diameterand well diameter
Other possible uses of pumpOther possible uses of pump
P LP L
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Pump LawsPump Laws
QQ11 / Q/ Q22 = N= N11 / N/ N22
HH11 / H/ H22 = N= N1122 / N/ N22
22
BHPBHP11 / BHP/ BHP
22 = N= N
11
33 / N/ N22
33
where:
Q - discharge
N - rpm
H - head
BHP - brake horsepower
G t i ll Si il PG t i ll Si il P
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Geometrically Similar PumpsGeometrically Similar Pumps
QQ22 / Q/ Q11 = (D= (D22 / D/ D11))33
HH22 / H/ H11 = (D= (D22 / D/ D11))22
BHPBHP22 / BHP/ BHP11 = (D= (D22 / D/ D11))55
where:
Q - discharge
D - impeller diameter
H - head
BHP - brake horsepower
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Pump Controller
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Magnetic StarterSwitch
Push Button
Switch
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Pressure Tank Pressure Switches
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Heater for Water Tank
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Float Switch
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ReferencesReferences
Brown, R. 1956. Farm Electrification. McGrawBrown, R. 1956. Farm Electrification. McGraw--HillHillBook Company. New York. 367pp.Book Company. New York. 367pp.
James, L. 1988. Principles of Farm Irrigation SystemJames, L. 1988. Principles of Farm Irrigation SystemDesign. John Wiley & Sons. USA. 543pp.Design. John Wiley & Sons. USA. 543pp.
PAES. 2001. Centrifugal PumpPAES. 2001. Centrifugal Pump--Specifications.Specifications.
Philippine Agricultural Engineering standards Volume I.Philippine Agricultural Engineering standards Volume I.AMTEC, CEAT, UPLB, College, Laguna. AAMTEC, CEAT, UPLB, College, Laguna. A--142 to A142 to A--148.148.
PAES. 2001. Centrifugal, Mixed Flow, and AxialPAES. 2001. Centrifugal, Mixed Flow, and Axial--FlowFlow
PumpPump--Specifications. Philippine Agricultural EngineeringSpecifications. Philippine Agricultural Engineeringstandards Volume I. AMTEC, CEAT, UPLB, College,standards Volume I. AMTEC, CEAT, UPLB, College,Laguna. ALaguna. A--150 to A150 to A--168.168.