Introduction to Information Systems

Chapter 1

CHAPTER OUTLINE

1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems?

1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems

1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations?1.4 Why Are Information Systems Important

to Society?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Begin the process of becoming an informed user of your organization’s information systems.2. Define the terms data, information, and knowledge, and give examples of each.3. Define the terms information technology, information system, computer-based information system, and application.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued)4. Identify three ways in which you depend on information technology in your daily life.5. Discuss three ways in which information technology can impact managers and three ways in which it can impact non-managerial managers. 6. List three positive and three negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology.

Informed User

Why Should I Study Information Systems?

Managing systems development and systems project management

Managing computer operations

Staffing, training, developing IS skills

Providing technical services

Infrastructure planning, development, control

Traditional Major IS Functions

Initiating and designing strategic information systems Incorporating the Internet and e-commerce into the

business Managing system integration Educating non-IS managers about IT Educating IS staff about the business Supporting end-user computing Partnering with executives Managing outsourcing Innovate Ally with vendors and IS departments in other organizations

New (Consultative) IS Functions

Other names:◦ MIS Department◦ Information Systems Department◦ Information Technology Department◦ Information Services Department

Deals with:“Planning for - and the development, management,

and use of - IT tools to help people perform all the tasks related to information processing and management” (p.12)

Information Systems as a functional area

According to Rainer and Cegielski:

Information Systems collect, process, store, analyze, and disseminate information for a

specific purpose.

Definition of Information System

Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge

Process OutputInput

Data, transactions Reports, calculations

Goal of Information Systems: “economically process data into information or knowledge”

What are Computer Based Information Systems?

What is their purpose?

CBIS

IT Architecture of Online Travel Agency

IT Components, IT Platform, IT Services, and IT Infrastructure

Business Information Systems

Information systems that support a business and its employees

Types:◦ Breadth of support (functional area)

Functional (or departmental) information systems Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP) Inter-organizational information systems

E-commerce systems

◦ Organizational level (organizational structure) Clerical, operational, managerial, knowledge-work,

strategic, etc.

Information Systems Inside Your Organization

“Monitor, collect, store, and process data generated from all business transactions.” (p. 280)

TPS must be able to:◦ Efficiently handle high volumes of data, Avoid

errors, Handle large variations in volume, Avoid downtime, Never lose results, Maintain privacy and security, record results accurately and efficiently

Data is collected using Source Data Automation◦ capture data at its source in a form that can be

directly entered into the computer (bar-code scanning technology)

Transaction Processing Systems

8.1 Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Rudy Giuliani checking out of a Wal-Mart using a bar code scanner that produces data captured by a transaction processing systemNote: the barcode scanner is an example of source data automation

Dashboards:

◦ Provide rapid access to timely information.

◦ Provide direct access to management reports.

◦ Are very user friendly and supported by graphics.

9.3 Digital Dashboards

Example of a Dashboard

http://www.dashboardcompany.com/demos/DashboardInsight_Brand_Demo.html

http://www.informationbuilders.com/rfr/qtdemo/AdvVis_ExecDash/AdvVis_ExecDash.html

Executive Dashboard Demo

Impact on Managers

Impact on Employes

How does IT impact organizations?

Improved Quality of Life Robot Revolution

◦ Industrial Robots◦ Telepresence Robot◦ Surgical Robot

Improvements in Healthcare

Importance of Information Systems to Society