CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

1.1INTRODUCTION

The creator was created the earth surrounded by green tropical forest and water. However times was running so fast with full of transformation of new world area which is natural vegetation to modern reinforcement concrete forest. Every single day in the world, construction of new building moving forward replace the green forest to concrete forest. The environment created by human was totally depending on a large amount of energy to maintain it in a comfort environment for our daily activities. Pursuant to the situation what will happen when the world was insufficient energy or natural resources.

The function of buildings not just limited only for human live but it also place for work, play, study and secure human safety from nature weather or disaster. However we need to remember that the building also affect their health and environment in countless ways. Building also give negative impact on the environment, accounting one-sixth of the world freshwater consumption, one quarter of its wood harvest and two-fifth of its material and energy flows (Gottfried, 1994; Rodman and Lensen, 1996). Since the building concept also play and important element towards environment, green building should be an alternative and efficient ways.

Green or sustainable building can be defined as the practice of creating and using healthier and more resource-efficient models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance and demolition (US Green Building Council, 2007: EPA GB 2008). Green building brings together a vast array of practices and techniques to reduce the negative impact of building on energy consumption, environment and human health. According to U.S Environmental protecting Agency, 2009, green building are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: Efficiently using energy, water and other resources;

Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity; and

Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation

In Malaysia, most of the constructed building was not categorised in green responsive building. From energy views, current life style are demanding on lots of energy to support a comfort environment to run our daily life such as air conditional to counter Malaysia hot weather and light in indoor during day time. Ninety five percent (95%) of energy in Malaysia generated from non-renewable natural resources such as oil, coal and gas (8th Malaysia Plan, 2005). It was harmful to our living environment and brewing an unsecure environment to our upcoming generation. While from construction views, building which is not use sustainable or green material as construction material and construction practice is considered improper managerial of waste and land usage.

In Malaysia, green building development like a new chapter among property developers because of various challenge in penetrating its market. According to Environmental Performance Index (EPI) conducted by Yale University and Columbia University, it shows the result of extensive consultation with subject area specialists, statisticians and policymakers around the world. For year 2006, Malaysia was ranked 9 in environmental performance index with score of 83.3 (EPI, 2006). However Malaysia drop 18 places in 2 years time, so we can conclude that Malaysia is still much lacking behind in green building development compared to other countries

Nowadays, green building is often perceived as having higher construction costs than conventional building. Besides that, energy efficient mechanical and electrical system may have higher capital cost that its counterpart used in conventional buildings (OECD, 2003, 2008). Once the new practices and technologies developed and be accepted by property market, the extra cost for green building will gradually reduce to reasonable and fair price. So green building become more viable to the property developer.1.2BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Generally, the green or sustainability building is considered to be environmental component as the green features. According to the Green Building Index (GBI) Organisation, a Green Building (GB) more focused on increasing the efficiency of resource use such as energy, water, and materials. In additional, it can reducing the building impact on human health and the environment. Green building is an environmental friendly building with the criteria reduce or zero consumption of energy or natural resources. This concept also provide comfort such as indoor environment, support green and sustainable living style, and reduce waste of daily living activities. The term of green building have responsive on recent building research which also used the terminology of sustainable building, ecological building, and zero energy building and so on.

April 2009, GBI (Green Building Index) Malaysia officially launched and it was a new chapter begin in Malaysia environmental building. The GBI rating system introduced by the Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (PAM) and to evaluate the new building on environment impact based on six criteria Energy Efficiency (EE), Indoor Environment Quality (EQ), Sustainable Site Planning and Management (SM), Material and Resources (MR), Water Efficiency (WE) and Innovation (IN), (Norhaya Kamarudin, 2013). Penang State Executive Councillor Jagdeep Singh Deo said,' Penang also introduced green building which Malaysia have own rating systems GBI and the Green Real Estate (Green RE) for upcoming development projects. (July 24, 2009 The Star). Some other criteria for assessing green buildings are developed in other countries such as The LEEDS applied in the US and the Greenmark applied in Singapore.However, in a reality, the encouragement the greening of real estate have long been highlighted in the conferences, industry publication and popular press for at least a decade. Now, the question are how the developers produce more environmentally building high performance product and what make some developers in Malaysia are not interested to implement green building whether it all about the cost or else. This research will identify the challenges and barriers faced by the property developer.

1.3PROBLEM STATEMENT

i. Green building is new development concept in Malaysia. So, there are many challenges and barriers towards it.ii. Lack of respond from Malaysian property development actorsiii. Green building needs to be extensive promoted to encourage the rate of green building implementation1.4RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

There are three objectives that need to be achieved in this research, which are:

1) To identify the application and implementation of green building in Malaysia

2) To determine the challenges and barriers towards green building3) To determine the solutions in order to encounter challenges towards green building1.5SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study has been carried out to ensure the research objective will be achieved for enhance this research. This research includes the identification of green building such as organization, assessment and future planning. Any professional and person in-charge who are related to green building and local authorities in building and green technology was the targeted respondent. The respondent helped to define the challenges and barriers in implementing green building and provide the solutions to overcome the green building challenges. 1.6SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is significant in order to increase interested of Malaysian property developer in implementing green building. With the new implementation of green building, it is important to gain information on the challenges and barriers in facing green building. Thus this highlights the recommendation or solutions to overcome the challenge of implementation of green building. 1.7BRIEF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Any research process begins with the collection of data from many resources and information such as interview sessions, journals and articles. Then the data are analysed and explained in every chapter based on the data collected. To achieve the objective of research a well plan and detail methodology is needed. This research was conducted through questionnaire survey and interview which mainly focuses on challenge, barrier and knowledge towards green building.

1.7.1First Stage

This stage describe the overall research conducted introduction to topics. It involved in order to identify the real problems, the objective to be achieved, the importance of the study, detailing the scope and limitations of the study according to the hierarchy of the chapters for the entire of this research.

1.7.2Second Stage

Through this stage described in detail the identification, definition is important, background research, opinion of members of professional and materials related to academic writing. Each data collection and piece of information generated based on the objectives to be achieved.

1.7.3Third Stage

Description related case studies will be loaded in third stage. All information analysed and observed according to the appropriate technique.

1.7.4Fourth Stage

Analysis will be made based on information obtained from this study that was carried out. The researcher develops a summary and conclusions of the problem being reviewed. At the end of the study, the researcher report the recommendations and plan to ensure the result achieved their objectives and results.

1.8STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH

1.8.1Chapter 1- Introduction

Basically, this chapter discussed the implementation of green building. Besides that, this chapter gives a whole image regarding the research such as the objectives, problems statement, significance of the research, methodology used, and scope of research and structure of the research.1.8.2Chapter 2- Literature Review

This second chapter is on literature review which focused on the green building definition, the criteria of green building, the implementation of green building from the other countries and Malaysia for example of green responsive building, the benefits of green building and what are the problems to implement and how to overcome the challenges.1.8.3Chapter 3- Research Methodology

This chapter focuses on the research methodology that has been used to complete this study. 1.8.3.1Literature Review

To complete this topic, a lot of academic research is needed, like book, journal, newspaper news, conference forum, and university research which is related to this topic. Literature review is to help researcher to define the topic and conduct a questionnaire and interview to collect the data. 1.8.3.2Data Collection

Second step is to collect the data from professional such as property developer and also local authority about the implementation of green building and the challenges and barriers implementation of green building. After that, identify the solution on it.

The way to get the data is by questionnaire plus interview. Questionnaire is target on professional who involve in property development and have an information about green building. The questionnaire is focus on the second and third objectives which are to determine the challenges and barriers towards green building and to determine solutions in order to encounter challenges towards green building in Malaysia. 1.8.4Chapter 4- Research Analysis

The fourth chapter discusses the results and data analysis of the study. The result analysed regarding to the challenges and barriers and the solutions to overcome the problems is obtained. The interview is conduct with the property developer in the Mercu UEM and also local authority. The researcher also gain the information from local authority about the volume of proposed project (development order) with the green building.

1.8.5Chapter 5- Summary and ConclusionAll the results from the analysis process are discussed and explain in this chapter. After getting decisions, it must decide whether the findings achieve the objective or not. The researcher also gives the recommendation and summary of this research.1.9SUMMARYIn conclusions, this research focuses on the most challenges and barriers faced by the Malaysian property developer towards green building. The method used for collecting data is questionnaire and interview. This research is significant to gain information to share to the developer are interested and may decide to upgrade or implement the green building features.

REFERENCESAliagha, G. U. (2013). Review of Green Building Demand Factors for Malaysia. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 475-476.EPA, U. (2008, November). EPA's Green Building Strategy. Retrieved from EPA Green Building: www.epa.gov/greenbuilding

Esa, M. R. (2011). Obstacles in Implementing Green Building Projects in Malaysia. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1806-1812.

Fischer, E. A. (2009). Issues of Green Building and the Federal Response:An Introduction. Congressional Research Service.

Gottfired, D. A. (n.d.). Sustainable Building Technical Manual. Public Technology Inc.

Gou, Z. (2013). Are green buildings more satisfactory and comfortable? Habitat International.

Kamarudin, N. (2013). Green Property Management Practice in Malaysia. International Conference on Business and Economic Research. Bandung.

Zhang, X. (2011). Barriers to Implement Green Strategy in the Process of Developing Real Estate Projects. The Open Waste Management Journal, 33-37.

Zhang, X. (2011). Green Property Development Practice in China: Costs and Barriers. Building and Environment , 2153-2160.

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