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What is Science?Chapter 1
Lesson 1.1 What is Science?
What are the main branches of science?
A system of ________________________________ ____________________________________________
Science
Technology is the __________________________ ____________________________________________
Are interdependent. How is life different now than it was in the
late 1800s?
Science and Technology
Natural science◦ Physical Science -
_________________________________◦ ________________- application of physics and
chemistry to the study of the Earth.◦ Space Science - study of universe beyond
_________◦ Life Science -
____________________________(Biology).
Branches of Science
Is the study of the muscle movements in the human body an example of biology or physics?
Space and Time Matter and Change Forces and Motion Energy
Physical Science
The BIG Ideas of Physical Science The Universe is ____________________________
meters in diameter.◦ The same as: 700,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 beach balls.
There are two characteristics of matter:◦ ____________________◦ ____________________
The basic building block of matter is the __________________
The BIG Ideas of Physical Science _____________causes a change in motion.
◦ Something still-start to move◦ Something moving-change direction
Two types of energy:◦ Kinetic-__________________________________________◦ Potential-________________________________________
True or False? The scientific facts of today will not change
in the future.
Lesson 1.2Using a Scientific
Approach
Scientific Method An organized plan for ______________________
____________________________________________ The goal is to solve a problem or to better
understand an observed event.◦ How can you test if running in the rain keeps you
drier than walking in the rain over the same distance?
Making Observations A scientific
investigation often begins with making observations.
Observation – _________ ______________________________________________◦ How does your speed
affect how wet you get when you are caught in the rain?
Hypothesis ____________________________________________ If…then…statement. If I run faster in the rain, then I won’t get as
wet.
Testing a Hypothesis Experiments –
______________________________ ____________________________________________
Manipulated variable – ______________________ ____________________________________________◦ The speed with which you walk or run.
Responding variable –_______________________ ____________________________________________◦ The amount of water you accumulate.
_______________________– only one variable, the manipulated, is deliberately changed at a time. All other variables kept constant.
Drawing Conclusions Does your data support the hypothesis?
◦ Walking Scientist – 217 grams of water.◦ Running Scientist – 130 grams of water.
Scientific evidence supports our earlier hypothesis.
What happens if the hypothesis was not supported?◦ __________________________________________________◦ New experiment must be performed.
Developing a Theory Can a theory be developed after one
experiment? Scientific theory –
___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
Theories are never ______________, they only become stronger with evidence.◦ Earth is flat, Earth is round, Earth is spherical.
Scientific Laws A statement
___________ _____________________________________________________________________
Describes an observed pattern in nature without attempting to explain it.◦ Ex: Law of Gravity
Scientific Models Make it easier to
understand things that might be too difficult to _______________________
Newer models continually replacing older models.
1.3 Measurement
Scientific Notation - ________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
300,000,000 = 3.0 X 108
0.00086 = 8.6 X 10-4
Multiplying?◦ _________________the numbers that appear before the
multiplication signs and ______________the exponents. Dividing?
◦ _________________the numbers that appear before the exponential terms and _________________the exponents.
Scientific Notation
SI system
International System of Units
_______________– straight-line distance between two points (meter).
Mass – _____________________________________ ________________________________________(kg).
Volume – __________________________________ ________________________________________(m3).
Density – ratio of an object’s mass to its volume (_______________)◦ Kg/m3
Units
SI Prefixes
Conversions How many grams in
160 mg? 0.160 grams
Precision – _________________________________ ____________________________________________◦ The precision of an answer limited by the least
precise measurement in the calculation.
Accuracy – _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
Limits of Measurement
Measured with a ___________________________.
Temperature
1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Scientists can organize their data by using data tables and graphs.
Data tables – relates two variables – __________________________________________.
Organizing Data
Line Graphs - Showing changes◦ Manipulated – ___________________◦ Responding – ___________________
Figure 21 Plotting the mass of water against the volume of water yields a straight line.
Slope = Rise/RunSteepness of the line
Bar Graphs – _______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
Circle Graphs – _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________