Chapter 1 BIO-F5

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CHAPTER 1 : TRANSPORT

1. Table 1 shows the of types of blood cells

Type of

blood cell

Function

Transports oxygen

and carbondioxide

Defense

mechanism

Produces

antibodies :

- Lysine- Agglutinin

- Antitoxin

Table 1

(a) ( i) Cell Q engulfs the pathogen entering the body by phagocytosis.

Complete the diagram below to show the mechanism of phagocytosis occurred

in cell Q.

(ii) Cell R destroys the pathogens entering the body by the action of antibodies.

State one of the mechanisms used by antibodies to destroy pathogens.

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Cell P Cell RCell Q Cell S


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(b) (i) Based on Table 1, state two structural differences between Cell P and

Cell Q...

..

(ii) Based on Table 1, state two structural differences between cell Q and

cell R

..

..

(ii) State two characteristics of cell P which help it to function efficiently

..

..

(iii) Explain the role of cell Q in the transport of oxygen from the alveoli to the

body cells.

..

..

.

(c) State the main function of cell S

..

2. The diagram below shows the circulatory system of organism P and Q

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(a) (i) Name the circulatory system of organism P and Q

P:

Q:

(ii) Compare the two circulatory systems above

(b) Explain the advantages of the circulatory system of organism P overthe circulatory system of organism Q.

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(c) By using an arrow, shows the flow of oxygenated blood in organism Pand Q.

(d) Explain why the transportation of oxygen to body cells of a human isfaster than a fish.

3. The diagram below shows a human leg.

(a) (i) Label structure R and S

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R

ST


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(ii) State the role of structure R

(b) (i) Name tissue T

(ii) Explain how tissue S helps in the circulation of blood

(c ) In the box provided, use an arrow to show the flow of blood.

4. Diagram 4 shows the mechanism of blood clotting.

DIAGRAM 4

(a) Name Vitamin S and Ion T.

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Platelets in contact withdamaged tissue

Thromboplastin

Prothrombin Thrombin

Fibrinogen W

Vitamin S Ion T


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Vitamin S:..

Ion T :..

(b)Diagram 4.2 shows a vertical section through structure W.

DIAGRAM 4.2

(i) Name structure W.

(ii) Explain how structure W is formed.

.

.

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(iii) State the necessity for the formation of structure W around the wound.

(iv) The structure W does not normally formed in intact blood vessels.

Explain why?

(c) What is the consequence if blood clot form within the unbroken blood vessel?

(d) Haemophilia is a genetic disease in which the individual cannot produce aclotting factor. Suggest one method to save the afflicted person from dyingdue to excessive bleeding.

................................................................................................................................

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5. Figure below shows the concentration of antibodies of individual P and Q

(a) (i) Identify the type ofimmunisation given to both individual P and Q

Individual P : ..

Indicidual Q : ..

(b) Explain the differences between the two graphs in relation to :-

(i) the changes in the concentration of antibodies in blood

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Individual P Individual Q

Immunity level

Second injection given toindividual Q

Second injection given toindividual P

First injection given to both

Individual P dan Q

Theconcentrationof antibodies

in blood

Time (Weeks)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


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(ii) the type of injection given.

.

(iii) the need for the second injection

(c) An individual was involved in an accident. Explain why was he given

an antiserum instead of a vaccine.

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Chapter 1 BIO-F5