Chapter 1Biology in the 21st Century

Power Notes

1. Fill out during the lecture and use them for study

2. This narrows down the main ideas.

3. The rest of the stuff we do, like Study Guides, homework, and Labs, is for practice

4. You know the saying, “practice makes perfect?”

This definitely applies to learning Biology!

BIOSPHERE

All living things and the places they are found on Earth make up the Biosphere.

BIODIVERSITY

The variety of living things, called biodiversity, is greatest at the equator.

SPECIESSpecies describes a group of living things that are reproductively isolated.

ORGANISMAny individual living thing is an organism.

CHARACTERISTICS SHARED BY ALL LIVING THINGS:

1. Made of Cells

2. Need for Energy

3. Respond to the environment

4. Reproduce and Develop

C.E.R.R.D.

CELLSAll living things are made of one or more cells.

The cell is the “basic unit of life”

ENERGYEnergy is the ability to do work.

All living things use chemical energy.

RESPONDAll organisms must react to the environment to survive.

REPRODUCE and DEVELOP

Reproduction results in passing DNA to new individuals.

DNA codes for each individual’s growth and development

This course in Biology has four unifying themes1. Systems- organized group of related

parts that interact to form a whole.Exist at every level or organization

2. Structure and function- are always related in living things.Wings, pinchers, claws, leaves, etc. are shaped

for their particular function

This course in Biology has four unifying themes3. Homeostasis- maintaining a stable

internal environment is critical for life. Stable pH, chemical composition, gas content

4. Evolution- the change in the genetic make-up of a population over time leads to the formation of new species.This fact links all levels of biology, and explains

both diversity and unity in life.

IN-CLASS WORKUse the rest of the period to complete sections 1.1 and 1.2 in your study guide (pages 1-4).

BE SURE YOUR NAME IS WRITTEN IN INK ON THE COVER OF YOUR STUDY GUIDE

OBSERVATIONInvolves perceiving the world with one or more of our 5 senses

Can be direct or with an instrument, like a thermometer or a microscope.

InferenceDeriving a conclusion about an observation using logic

Inferences cannot be directly observed. They require thought.

An inference is a statement based on your interpretation of the facts.

Observation and Inference1. List the observations you

can make in the picture.• “Just the facts”

2. What can you infer?• What you “read into” an

observation

More observations may alter inference

1. List additional observations

2. Does this change or support your previous inference?

And more observations can support or change earlier inferences.

HYPOTHESIS

More than an “educated guess”

It has to be a prediction that can be tested.

It sets up the study or experiment

An easy way to set up a hypothesis is by using an IF-THEN statement

Example: IF I study key words every week, THEN I will earn an A on the Biology exam.

Today’s In-Class Assignment.

Todays KEY WORDS (listed on page 9 of the study guide):

observation hypothesis Independent variableconstantdata experiment Dependent variableTheory

Study Guide: • ALL pages 5 and 6 (1.3) • #6-7 page 8 (1.4)• 6,7,8 page 10 (1.5)