Chapter 1, Form 4

The Introduction To Biology

1.1 UNDERSTANDING THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

1, Definition2, Importance3, Fields of Study4, Careers5, Ways of Studying

1.2 APPLYING SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

1, Identifying a problem2, Forming a hypothesis3, Planning an experiment4, Controlling the variables5, Conducting the experiment6, Collecting data7, Recording data8, Analysing and interpreting data9, Making a conclusion10, Writing a report

1.1 - The Study of Biology

1. Biology ~> Scientific study 2. Biology ~> Greek words

I, Bios ~> Life II, Logos ~> Study

3. ImportanceI, Understand living organisms and their life processesII, Understand the structures of living organisms and its functionsIII, Understand the interaction between living organismsIV, Appreciate the diversity of living things

4. Different fields of study in BiologyI, MicrobiologyII, BiochemistryIII, AnatomyIV, BiotechnologyV, GeneticsVI, MedicineVII, ZoologyVIII, BotanyIX, EcologyX, Taxonomy

5. Careers in BiologyI, MedicineII, BiotechnologyIII, AgricultureIV, Industry

6. Various ways of studying Biologya) Requires:I, Scientific skillsII, Scientific methodsIII, Good scientific methods & Noble values

b) Scientific skills are divided into two componentsI, Science process skillsII, Manipulative skills

7. Scientific methods are used to discover the phenomena of life & to find the causes of it

1.2 – Scientific Investigation

1. Scientific Investigation involves the following steps

I. Identifying a problem The problem to be solved is determined by observing the phenomena

The variables are identified The problem is stated in the form of a

question which is known as a problem statement

II. Forming a hypothesis A hypothesis is a statement about an observed event

It includes the variables and their relationships to each other

The hypothesis is tested by conducting an experiment

III. Planning an experiment Collecting information, determining the apparatus & materials needed

Planning the proceduresIV. Controlling variables 3 types of variables

Manipulated Variable ~> Factor causes an observable phenomena - independent variable

Responding Variable ~> Dependent variable - results obtained due to changes in manipulated variable

Constant Variable ~> Kept constant V. Conducting the experiment The experiment is carried outVI. Collecting data The data is collected and recorded

accuratelyVII. Recording data The data is presented in any formVIII. Analysing & interpreting

data Relationship between the Manipulated

Variable & Responding Variable is determined

IX. Making Conclusion Conclusion is made whether the results support or refuse the hypothesis

X. Writing a report Complete report based onI. ObjectiveII. Problem statementIII. HypothesisIV. VariablesV. Materials & apparatusVI. TechniqueVII. ProcedureVIII. ResultsIX. DiscussionX. Conclusion