CHAPTER 1 LECTURE OUTLINE

MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS

Human Geography by Malinowski & Kaplan

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Chapter 1 Modules

• 1A Pattern and Process• 1B Absolute and Relative Location• 1C Place and Space• 1D Place Attributes and Significance• 1E Mapping Spatial Distributions• 1F Spatial Interactions and Distance• 1G Regions• 1H Idea of LandscapeCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-2

1A: Pattern & Process

• Pattern– a spatial arrangement of a phenomenon

• Process– the action that brings about a particular pattern– in human geography, processes tend to be

probabilistic– may be multivariate and multiscalar

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1B: Absolute & Relative Location

• Absolute Location– where something

exists on a reference system

• Relative Location– Location compared

to other places or in context

– Site vs. Situation

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Insert Figure 1B.1

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Figures 1B.2 & 1B.3

1C: Place & Space• Place

– Can refer to a series of concrete attributes or can imply diverse meanings attached to a location

• Space– A two-dimensional area

that contains a number of places and boundaries that may or may not be clearly defined.

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Figure 1D.1

1E: Mapping Spatial Distributions

• Thematic Maps– show the distribution, flow, or connection of one or

more characteristics

• Point Pattern Map– each incident is displayed as a point

• can show whether a distribution is dispersed or clustered

• Choropleth Maps– show the quantity or type of phenomena by area

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Figure 1E.2

1F: Spatial Interactions & Distance

• Spatial Interaction– the movement and interconnections between places.

• Influenced by accessibility

• Distance– Absolute / Euclidean distance

• Travel distance

– Travel time– Cognitive distance

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Figure 1F.4Travel Time

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Figure 1F.5Distance Decay

1G: Regions

• A way of subdividing space into categorizable geographic units.

• Types:– Formal– Functional– Vernacular

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Figure 1G.4Formal RegionsComposed of places that have one or more characteristics in common.

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Figure 1G.6Activity spaceFunctional Regions

Regions constructed out of places that interact.

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Figure 1G.8Vernacular RegionsRegions that people construct in their mind.

1H: Idea of Landscape

• An area that is less defined than a region and is described in an abstract manner.

• Types:– Ordinary– Iconic– Interior

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