Relationships in Ecosystems

Chapter 1 Lesson 2page 38

WB pages 6-7

Chapter 1 Lesson 2Vocabulary

1. population- all the members of one species in an area

2. community- all the living things in an ecosystem

3. food chain- the path that energy and nutrients follow in an ecosystem

Chapter 1 Lesson 2Vocabulary

4. food web- the overlapping food chains in an ecosystem

5. symbiosis- a relationship between two kinds of organisms over time

6. ecosystem- all the living and nonliving things in an environment, including their interactions with each other

Chapter 1 Lesson 2Vocabulary

7. predator- an animal that hunts other animals

8. prey- a living thing that is hunted for food

9. mutualism- a relationship between two kinds of organisms that benefits both

Chapter 1 Lesson 2Vocabulary

10. commensalism- a relationship between two kinds of organisms that benefits one without harming the other

11.parasitism- a relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism and benefits from that relationship while the host organism is harmed by it

Complete the Explore on pg39

• How do organisms in a food chain interact?

• Use the food chain website below to help– Food Chain

• Alternative Explore-– Desert Food Chains

Complete the Foldable on pg 49 and the Main Idea Chart

Ecosystems FeedingRelationships

Symbiotic Relationships

What is in an ecosystem?

• What is an ecosystem?• An ecosystem includes all living and

nonliving things in an environment.• Living things in an ecosystem are

called biotic factors and nonliving things in an environment are called abiotic factors.

What is in an ecosystem?

• Think about taking a hike through this beautiful forest area. What biotic(living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors would you see along your travels?

Biotic and Abiotic Factors• Biotic- spruce trees, wildflowers, grass,

chipmunks, birds, etc. • Abiotic- air, rocks, water, gurgle of the

water flowing down the stream, soil, sunlight

What is in an ecosystem?

• Biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem interact and supply the needs of living things. Plants need abiotic factors to survive, including soil, sunlight, air, and water. Plants, in turn, provide food for most of the animals in an ecosystem.

What is in an ecosystem?

• Within an ecosystem organisms can be sorted into different populations. A population includes all members of a single species in an area at a given time. You can think of all of the different types of butterflies in the forest like monarchs, painted ladies, and buckeye butterflies. Each type forms a separate population.

What is in an ecosystem?• Together the many different populations make

up a community. A community includes all the living things in an ecosystem.

• Populations make up communities and communities make up ecosystems.

• Populations can be as widespread as an entire forest or as small as a fallen log in the middle of the forest.

How are food chains alike?

• What are food chains?• Food chains model the feeding

relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.

Energy flows in one direction in food chains.The energy

in a food chain starts with the Sun.

Producers are at the base of every food chain.

primary consumer

decomposer

producer

secondary consumer

How are food chains alike?

How are food chains alike?

• Producers are organisms that use the Sun’s energy to produce their own food in the form of sugar.

• What are some examples of producers?

• plants and algae • A consumer is an animal that eats

plants or other animals.

How are food chains alike?• Herbivores are animals that eat plants or

producers directly. • Examples: squirrels, some birds, some

insects, and grazing animals• Carnivores are animals that eat other

animals rather than producers.• Examples: bobcats and hawks• Omnivores are animals that eat both

plants and other animals, like raccoons, mice, and some crabs.

How are food chains alike?• There are also decomposers. Decomposers break

down dead or decaying plant and animal material.

• Examples: fungi, bacteria, termites, and many worm species

• Scavengers are also included in some food chains. • Scavengers are consumers that eat leftover bodies

after they started to rot. • Examples: vultures, raccoons, and some crabs.

Food Chains

Food Chain Review• What general direction do food chains

follow?• producer, herbivore, carnivore, and

decomposer• What is the fewest number of links that a

food chain could have? The greatest number?

• The fewest amount is two, the producer and the consumer. And the greatest number is unlimited. There could be dozens of consumers and decomposers and in the chain.

Food webs are networks of food chains that have some links in common.

Decomposer

Predator- an animal that hunts other animals for food

Prey- organisms that are eaten by other organisms

What are some examples of food chains that you seen in this one food web?Examples of Food Webs Food Chains and Food Webs

What are food webs made of?

Top carnivores are the highest level predators in a food web.

What are symbiotic relationships?

Interdependence is the reliance of organisms on other organisms for their survival.

Symbiosis is a relationship between two or more kinds of organisms that lasts over time.

Two kinds of symbiotic relationships are mutualismand commensalism.

Symbiotic Relationships

• Symbiotic Relationships Video (5:16)• Symbiotic Relationships Video 2 (10:10)

Symbiotic Relationships• One type of symbiotic relationship is

mutualism. • Mutualism is a relationship that benefits

both organisms. • Think about you and a friend both

agreeing on something. You can call that a mutual agreement.

• Can you think of any organisms that have a relationship that is mutualism?

• turn to pg 46- flowering plants and a pollinator (insect or bird), ants and the acacia tree

Symbiotic Relationships• Another symbiotic relationship is commensalism. • Commensalism is a relationship that benefits one

organism without harming the other organism. • Can you think of any organisms that have a

commensalism relationships?• turn to pg 47- the remoras attach themselves to

the bodies of the rays and sharks, the remoras get food scraps, transportation, and protections without helping or harming the rays or sharks; barnacles grow on the back of whales, this gives them a home and does not help or harm the whale; clown fish and anemone (Finding Nemo)

lamprey

Parasites live on host organisms and survive by using the host organism’s body for nutrients.

tick

tapeworm

What are parasites?Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed.

Review• http://www.macmillanmh.com/science/

2011/student/na/grade5/g5_ch3.html• Food Chain Quiz• EEKO World• Endangered Ecosystems• Food Webs• I Know That- Food Chains• Food Chains/Webs• Symbiotic Relationships • Food Web

Review Questions

1. Which is a relationship between two organisms that benefits both organisms?

a. parasitismb. commensalismc. mutualismd. predation

Review Questions

2. What kind of organism breaks down dead plants and animals?a. producerb. carnivorec. consumerd. decomposer

Review Questions

3. What does a snake, a hawk, and a fox have in common?a. They are all producers.b. They are all consumers.c. They are all decomposers.d. They are all herbivores.

Review Questions

4. Which of the following is a herbivore?a. cowb. leopardc. mountain liond. tiger

Review Questions

5. Which of the following organisms is an omnivore?a. an oak treeb. an eaglec. a human being d. a mushroom

Review Questions

6. Clownfish live inside the poisonous arms od a sea anemone. The poison does not harm the clownfish, and the clownfish is protected by the sea anemone. The clownfish also scares away enemies of the sea anemone. What kind of relationship is this?a. mutualism b. commensalismc. parasitism d. none of these

Review Questions

7. Your cat has fleas. The fleas feed on your cat’s blood. This hurts your cat’s skin and makes the cat itch. What kind of relationship is this?a. commensalism b. parasitismc. mutualismd. hostism