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Chapter 1 Review
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1.1 Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Define statistics and statistical thinking Explain the process of statistics Distinguish between qualitative and
quantitative variables Distinguish between discrete and continuous
variables Determine the level of measurement of a
variable
A quality-control manager randomly selects 75 jars of peanuts that were filled on September 25 to assess the calibration of the filling machine.
What is the population in this study?
1. The 75 jars he pulls off the line
2. The jars of peanuts on the line on September 25
3. All of the jars of peanuts produced
A quality-control manager randomly selects 75 jars of peanuts that were filled on September 25 to assess the calibration of the filling machine.
What is the sample in this study?
1. The 75 jars he pulls off the line
2. The jars of peanuts on the line on September 25
3. All of the jars of peanuts produced
Which of the following is not part of the process of statistics?
1. Drawing conclusions from information
2. Identifying a research objective
3. Collecting, organizing, and summarizing information
4. They all are part of the process of statistics
The two branches of statistics are:
1. Observational and Experimental
2. Population and Sample
3. Descriptive and Inferential
4. Discrete and Continuous
Which of the following can be classified as a quantitative variable?
1. Gender
2. Temperature
3. Zip Code
4. Phone Number
Which of the following can be classified as a qualitative variable?
1. The number of heads obtained after flipping a coin five times
2. The distance a 2010 Ford Focus can drive on the highway with a full tank of gas
3. Area code of a phone number
4. Height
Which of the following can be classified as a continuous variable?
1. The number of heads obtained after flipping a coin five times
2. The number of cars that arrive at a Burger King between 2:00 and 4:00 pm
3. The amount of time it takes you to brush your teeth
4. The number of times you brush your teeth in one day.
5. None of the above
Which of the following can be classified as a discrete variable?
1. The distance you travel to get to school.
2. The number of days until Thanksgiving break
3. The amount of caffeine you have in one day.
4. The length of your longest fingernail
5. None of the above
Which level of measurement has the following characteristics:
Qualitative variable with ranking
1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
Which level of measurement has the following characteristics:
Quantitative variable with zero meaning absence of the quantity
1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
Which level of measurement has the following characteristics:
Qualitative variable with no ranking
1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
Which level of measurement has the following characteristics:
Quantitative variable with zero arbitrary
1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
The two types of studies are:
1. Observational and Experimental
2. Population and Sample
3. Descriptive and Inferential
4. Discrete and Continuous
1.2 Observational Studies vs. Designed Experiments
Distinguish between an observational study and an experiment
Explain the various types of observational studies
An observational study….
1. Influences the value of the response variable
2. Influences the value of the explanatory variable
3. Influences the value of both variables
4. Does not influence either variable
An observational study…
1. Seeks to learn the characteristics of a population
2. Seeks to determine the relationship between two variables
3. Seeks to learn the characteristics of a sample
4. All of the above
5. None of the above
A designed experiment ….
1. Influences the value of the response variable
2. Influences the value of the explanatory variable
3. Influences the value of both variables
4. Does not influence either variable
A designed experiment ….
1. Implies causation
2. Is easy to conduct
3. Has no lurking variables
4. Is controlled
Determine the type of study for each situation:
Sixty females that are 40 pounds overweight are randomly divided into two groups. One group is treated with a diet and exercise program. The other is treated the exact same diet but no exercise program. After 6 months, the weight-loss of each individual is recorded.
1. Cross-Sectional
2. Case-Controlled
3. Cohort
Determine the type of study for each situation:
400 people were given a taste test to determine if they preferred 7-up or Sprite.
1. Cross-Sectional
2. Case-Controlled
3. Cohort
1.3 Simple Random Sample
Obtain a simple random sample
A simple random sample of size 8 needs to be obtained from a population of 67. How many digits should you look at when selecting this sample from a table of random digits?
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. As many as you want
Using a seed of 1234, find a simple random sample of size 2 of this class:Adam, Cody, Colin, Cory, Emily, Evan, Faith, Jackie, Jennifer, Lindsay, Rachel, Ronald, Ryan, Tony, Zack
Matching Keywords: 14
Keywords: ADAM COLIN
Using a Table of Random Digits beginning at Row 10, Column 10 (going across the table), obtain a simple random sample of size 2 Adam, Cody, Colin, Cory, Emily, Evan, Faith, Jackie, Jennifer, Lindsay, Rachel, Ronald, Ryan, Tony, Zack
Matching Keywords: 13
Keywords: CODY ZACK
1.4 Other Effective Sampling Methods
Obtain a stratified sample Obtain a systematic sample Obtain a cluster sample
Which statistical technique has the following characteristics:• individuals for the sample are easily obtained and are self-selected
Usually contains the most bias
1. Simple Random Sample
2. Systematic Random Sample
3. Convenience Sample
4. Cluster Sample
5. Stratified Sample
Which statistical technique has the following characteristics:• separating the population into non-overlapping groups then obtaining a SRS from each group
1. Simple Random Sample
2. Systematic Random Sample
3. Convenience Sample
4. Cluster Sample
5. Stratified Sample
Which statistical technique has the following characteristics:• every element in the set has an equal chance of being selected• samples may be obtained from random number generators
1. Simple Random Sample
2. Systematic Random Sample
3. Convenience Sample
4. Cluster Sample
5. Stratified Sample
Which statistical technique has the following characteristics:• obtained by selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals
1. Simple Random Sample
2. Systematic Random Sample
3. Convenience Sample
4. Cluster Sample
5. Stratified Sample
1.5 Bias in Sampling
Explain the sources of bias in sampling
Which of the following can affect the validity of a study…
1. The order in which the questions are presented
2. The wording of the questions
3. Non-response
4. All of the above
1.6 The Design of Experiments
Describe the characteristics of an experiment Explain the steps in designing an experiment Explain the completely randomized design Explain the matched-pairs design Explain the randomized block design
Using twins as subjects in an experiment would best be utilized in which type of experimental design?
1. Completely randomized
2. Matched-pairs
3. Randomized block
4. None of the above
Which design is typically used to address confounding effects?
1. Completely randomized
2. Matched-pairs
3. Randomized block
4. None of the above
The four members of Skylab had their lymphocyte count per cubic millimeter measured 1 day before lift-off and measured again on their return to Earth.What type of experimental design is this?
1. Completely randomized
2. Matched-pairs
3. Randomized block
4. None of the above
Homework Review Exercises
Use the chart on page 59 to determine which questions you need to practice for tomorrow. All the answers are in the back of the book.
Test tomorrow– 25 multiple choice– 4 essay
