Chapter 1: The Native Chapter 1: The Native AmericansAmericans

VocabularyVocabulary

1. migrate: to move from on place and establish : to move from on place and establish a home in a new placea home in a new place

2. environment: all of the physical surroundings : all of the physical surroundings in a place including land, water, animals, plants, in a place including land, water, animals, plants, and climateand climate

3. natural resources: useful materials found in : useful materials found in nature including water, vegetation, animals, and nature including water, vegetation, animals, and mineralsminerals

4. culture: a people’s way of life including beliefs, : a people’s way of life including beliefs, custioms, food, dwellings, and clothingcustioms, food, dwellings, and clothing

5. cultural region: an area in which a group of : an area in which a group of people share a similar culture and languagepeople share a similar culture and language

Section NotesSection Notes

Section 1.2: Migration Section 1.2: Migration Routes of the First Routes of the First Americans Americans

1.1. Siberia to Alaska to the mainland North Siberia to Alaska to the mainland North America by a landbridge between Siberia America by a landbridge between Siberia and Alaskaand Alaska

2.2. hunter-gatherers followed the migration hunter-gatherers followed the migration patterns of the wildlife patterns of the wildlife

3.3. as main food source died off learned new as main food source died off learned new skills to surviveskills to survive

A. FishingA. Fishing B. new types of clothingB. new types of clothing

4. 4. occupied land from Alaska, Canada, occupied land from Alaska, Canada, throughout South Americathroughout South America

Section 1.3: Native Section 1.3: Native Americans Adapt to Americans Adapt to the Environmentthe Environment

a.a. Adapted to the various environmentsAdapted to the various environmentsb.b. Lived off of the surrounding natural resourcesLived off of the surrounding natural resourcesc.c. Northern ClimatesNorthern Climates

a.a. used goggles made from bones to avoid snow blindnessused goggles made from bones to avoid snow blindnessb.b. homes made of driftwood and animal skinshomes made of driftwood and animal skinsc.c. igloos in the harsher climates of Alaskaigloos in the harsher climates of Alaska

d.d. Southern/moderate climatesSouthern/moderate climatesa.a. gathered plantsgathered plantsb.b. raised crops such as squash, peppers, beans, and cornraised crops such as squash, peppers, beans, and cornc.c. agricultural skills eventually lead to more permanent agricultural skills eventually lead to more permanent

settlementssettlements

Native American Cultural Native American Cultural RegionsRegions

a.a. based on and developed around based on and developed around climate and other factorsclimate and other factors

b.b. 10 cultural regions north of Mexico10 cultural regions north of Mexico NW Coast, California, Great Basin, NW Coast, California, Great Basin,

Plateau, SW, Great Plains, E. Woodlands, Plateau, SW, Great Plains, E. Woodlands, and SEand SE

Section 1. 4: First Section 1. 4: First American’s View of Their American’s View of Their Environment Environment

viewed themselves as integral part of the viewed themselves as integral part of the communitycommunity

believe in a believe in a Great SpiritGreat Spirit who unified everything in who unified everything in the universethe universe

all parts of nature have a spiritall parts of nature have a spirit no belief in private propertyno belief in private property fought to protect what they believed was their fought to protect what they believed was their

homelandhomeland adapted nature to suit their lifestyles but rarely if adapted nature to suit their lifestyles but rarely if

ever harmed the environmentever harmed the environment very little waste; attempted to make use of very little waste; attempted to make use of

everything they used/killedeverything they used/killed

Section 1.5: Native Section 1.5: Native Americans of the NW Americans of the NW Coast Coast

Southern Oregon to CanadaSouthern Oregon to Canada plentiful food supplies plentiful food supplies depended heavily on the seas for fooddepended heavily on the seas for food animal skins/meat from deer, moose, bear, elk, animal skins/meat from deer, moose, bear, elk,

beaver, and mountain goatsbeaver, and mountain goats specialized weapons to catch different types of specialized weapons to catch different types of

animalsanimals salmon harvest using fencing in the Springsalmon harvest using fencing in the Spring homes made of wood from the foresthomes made of wood from the forest developed various crafts such as basket making, developed various crafts such as basket making,

jewelry from shellsjewelry from shells

Section 1.6: Native Section 1.6: Native Americans of California Americans of California

Southern Oregon to Baja CaliforniaSouthern Oregon to Baja California Western Sierra Nevada MountainsWestern Sierra Nevada Mountains more than 100 different groups lived in this regionmore than 100 different groups lived in this region Food Supply:Food Supply:

Salmon and Shellfish Salmon and Shellfish deer, rabbits, and ducksdeer, rabbits, and ducks roots, berries, and nutsroots, berries, and nuts

Clothing, houses and Baskets:Clothing, houses and Baskets: clothing from animal skinsclothing from animal skins simple houses made from forest woodsimple houses made from forest wood tools from antlers, bones, rockstools from antlers, bones, rocks excellent weaversexcellent weavers

Section 1.7: Native Section 1.7: Native Americans of the Great Americans of the Great BasinBasin

East of California, Sierra Nevada Mountains to the East of California, Sierra Nevada Mountains to the Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains

extreme weather condition hot to coldextreme weather condition hot to cold nomadic tribes followed the migration patterns of nomadic tribes followed the migration patterns of

animals for food and water sourcesanimals for food and water sources Food SuppliesFood Supplies

Snakes, jackrabbits, and duck eggs Snakes, jackrabbits, and duck eggs various plantsvarious plants berries, roots, seeds, and pine nutsberries, roots, seeds, and pine nuts

Section 1.8: Native Section 1.8: Native Americans of the Americans of the PlateauPlateau

North of the Great Basin, Cascade Mountains to the West, North of the Great Basin, Cascade Mountains to the West, Rocky Mountains to the eastRocky Mountains to the east

dense forest, grassy and sagebrushdense forest, grassy and sagebrush long harsh winters and mild summerslong harsh winters and mild summers Settlements along major riversSettlements along major rivers food was enough to support year-round living in some areasfood was enough to support year-round living in some areas many homes built partly underground to combat cold and heatmany homes built partly underground to combat cold and heat plateau groups were excellent weaversplateau groups were excellent weavers Fall: deer and antelope Fall: deer and antelope Camas and SalmonCamas and Salmon

food supply during the Springfood supply during the Spring wild onions and carrotswild onions and carrots favored the Camas root: starchy root eaten raw or made into flourfavored the Camas root: starchy root eaten raw or made into flour

Section 1.9: Native Section 1.9: Native Americans of the Americans of the SouthwestSouthwest

Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Texan, Oklahoma, and Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Texan, Oklahoma, and CaliforniaCalifornia

canyons, mountains, desert, mesascanyons, mountains, desert, mesas two major rivers: Colorado, Rio Grandetwo major rivers: Colorado, Rio Grande very hot and arid regionvery hot and arid region Mesa PeopleMesa People

nomadic desert huntersnomadic desert hunters hunter-gatherers/farmers near the rivershunter-gatherers/farmers near the rivers adobe brick homesadobe brick homes

Corn CultureCorn Culture grew corn, beans, and squashgrew corn, beans, and squash corn most important cropcorn most important crop planted near flood zones, large streambeds, and at the foot of the planted near flood zones, large streambeds, and at the foot of the

Mesas with water runoffMesas with water runoff ate stew made from corn, rabbit and chili peppersate stew made from corn, rabbit and chili peppers

Section 1.10: Native Section 1.10: Native Americans of the Great Americans of the Great PlainsPlains

Grasslands from Rocky Mountains to the Mississippi RiverGrasslands from Rocky Mountains to the Mississippi River Canada to the Gulf of MexicoCanada to the Gulf of Mexico Buffalo HuntersBuffalo Hunters

Eastern Plains: farmers and some buffalo huntingEastern Plains: farmers and some buffalo hunting Western Plains: migrated with the buffalo herdsWestern Plains: migrated with the buffalo herds

Using the BuffaloUsing the Buffalo main food source for Plains peoplemain food source for Plains people used every part of the buffaloused every part of the buffalo hides: shields, clothing, tents (teepees), containershides: shields, clothing, tents (teepees), containers hair: used for bow stringshair: used for bow strings horns/hooves: spoons, bowls, gluehorns/hooves: spoons, bowls, glue dung used for fire fuelsdung used for fire fuels became more efficient when the Spanish brought horses to the became more efficient when the Spanish brought horses to the

regionregion

Section 1.11: Native Section 1.11: Native Americans of the Eastern Americans of the Eastern WoodlandsWoodlands

Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean Canada to North CarolinaCanada to North Carolina

Iroquois tribes lived in New York areaIroquois tribes lived in New York area Plentiful Woods Iroquois lifestyle:Plentiful Woods Iroquois lifestyle: huntinghunting woodwood fresh greens, nuts, berriesfresh greens, nuts, berries syrup from maple treessyrup from maple trees fishingfishing log homes with several families living togetherlog homes with several families living together