Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter 10
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 1
Understanding and Planning Reports and
Proposals
Learning Objectives1. Applying the Three-Step Process
2. Supporting messages with research
3. Using primary and secondary research
4. Planning informational reports
5. Planning analytical reports
6. Planning proposals
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 2
Applying the Three-Step Writing Process to Reports
and Proposals
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 3
Analyze the Situation
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 4
•Purpose
•Work Plan
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 5
Gather Information
•Audience
•Purpose
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 6
Select the Medium
Media Requirements
Feedback Preferences
Document Uses Media Choice
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 7
Organize Information
•Direct
•Indirect
Summary of Discussion
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 8
Supporting Your Messages with Reliable
Information
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 9
Plan Your Research
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 10
Problem Statement
Essential Information
Research Questions
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 11
Ethics and Research
• Keep an open mind
• Respect privacy of participants
• Document and credit sources
• Respect intellectual property rights
• Don’t distort information from sources
• Don’t misrepresent your intentions
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 12
Data and Information
Primary Research
Secondary Research
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 13
Reputation
Potential Bias
Purpose
Credibility
Methodology
Verification
Completeness
Logical Scrutiny
Evaluating Sources
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 14
Use Research ResultsAvoid Plagiarism
Cite Sources
ObserveContext
Summarizing
Paraphrasing
Quoting
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 15
Apply the Results
Drawing ConclusionsMaking Recommendations
Summary of Discussion
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 16
Conducting Secondary Research
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 17
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 18
Library Research
Newspapersor Periodicals
Business Books
MembershipDirectories
Almanacs and Statistics
Government Publications
Electronic Databases
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 19
Find Information Online
•Searching•Monitoring
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 20
WebDirectories
MetasearchEngines
OnlineDatabases
Online Search Tools
Online Monitoring
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 21
TwitterNewsfeed
sSpecialize
d Monitors
Online Alerts
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 22
Search Tips
KeywordsBoolean Operators
Natural Language
Forms-Based
Fine Tune Searches
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 23
•Planning
• Instructions
•Search Options
•Search Terms
•First Results
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 24
►Headings and Links
►Transitional Devices
►Previews and Reviews
►Credit Original Material
►Support Your Message
►Assist Your Readers
Document Sources
Summary of Discussion
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 25
Conducting Primary Research
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 26
Conducting Surveys
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 27
• Provide clear instructions
• Ask for information people can remember
• Keep questionnaires short and easy to use
• Formulate easy-to-analyze questions
Conducting Surveys
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 28
• Avoid asking leading questions
• Avoid ambiguous descriptors
• Avoid compound questions
• Obtain a representative sample
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 29
Conducting Interviews
Selecting Questions
AskingQuestions
Summary of Discussion
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 30
Planning Informational Reports
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 31
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 32
Organize Reports
Comparison
Importance
Sequence
Chronology
Geography
Category
Organize Websites
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 33
UserDemands
OnlineReading
Multi-Purpose
NonlinearForm
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 34
Information Architecture
• Plan Your Site’s Navigation
• Give Readers Control
• Put Information into Chunks
Summary of Discussion
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 35
Planning Analytical Reports
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 36
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 37
Analytical Reports•Opportunities
•Problems
•Decisions
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 38
Analytical Challenges
•Analysis
•Persuasion•Responsibility
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 39
Focus on Conclusions
Opportunities Challenges
Audience
Direct Approach
Data or Methods
Oversimplifying
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 40
Recommendations
1. Establish the need for action
2. Introduce the overall benefits
3. List the required steps
4. Explain each step more fully
5. Summarize the recommendations
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 41
2 + 2 = 4 Yardstick
Logical Arguments
Summary of Discussion
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 42
Planning Proposals
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 43
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 44
Internal Proposals
External Proposals
General Categories
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 45
Proposal Structures
Solicited Proposal Unsolicited Proposal
Expected
Strict Instructions
Unexpected
More Flexibility
Summary of Discussion
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 46
Understanding and Planning Reports and
Proposals
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 47
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 - 48
