Chapter 10 Internetworking Devices

8/10/2019 Chapter 10 Internetworking Devices

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Chapter 10 1

Internetworking

Devices

Chapter 10


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Chapter 10 2

Chapter Objectives

Explain repeater

Discuss the working of a bridge and its types

Explain the working and features of routers

Explain the operation of hubs and hub configurations

Discuss the working of switch and different switching

methods

Explain gateway

Describe multi-protocol routers, brouters and layer 3switches

Explain routing protocols

Troubleshoot different networking devices


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Chapter 10 3

Recall - I

Internet Protocol (IP) address is a 32 bit uniqueaddress used by computers for communication.

Classful IP addressing and Classless IP addressingare types of IP addressing.

List of classful IP addresses are: Class A address

Class B address

Class C address

Class D address Class E address


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Chapter 10 4

Recall - II

Special addresses are IP addresses which arenever used on the public internet. They are

Private addresses

Loop-back addresses

Link-local addresses

Mobile IP protocol allows mobile device users to

move from one network to another while maintaining

their permanent IP address.


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Chapter 10 6

Repeaters

Operate at Physical Layer of the OSI model

Reshape the weak signal

Connect two segments of the same LAN


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Chapter 10 7

Hubs - I

Simplest and low cost device Also known as Multi-port Repeater

Operate at Physical Layer like Repeater

Data transfer to all the ports Hub types:

Active hubProvides signal regeneration

Passive hub No signal regeneration

Intelligent hub

Provides management of each port


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Chapter 10 8

Operation of Hub


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Chapter 10 9

Hubs Configurations

Hub

Configurations

Standalone Stackable Modular

Hub configurations can be used to expandnetworks.


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Chapter 10 10

Bridges - I

Layer 2 devicesas works at Data

Link Layer of the

OSI model

Interconnectmultiple LANs

and manages

data flow


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Chapter 10 11

Bridges - II

Working of a bridge


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Chapter 10 12

Bridges - III

Capable of passing a frame Check Physical address

Pass frame to the specified segment

Perform error checking on the frame

Bridges

Transparent

Bridge

Translational

Bridge

Source-route

Bridge


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Chapter 10 13

Bridges - IV

Features Easy to use as just plug in device

Helps in network expansion

Divides large network into small segments

Used for increasing network reliabilityDisadvantages

Frames are buffered so provides network delay

During high traffic may overload network

Does not filter broadcast packets

Expensive than Repeaters


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Chapter 10 14

Switches

Provide signal flow management Replace slower hub

Being a Data Link Layer device uses MAC address

for data transfer

Data transfer to specific port

Switching

Methods

Cut-through

Method

Store & Forward

Method

Fragment-Free

Method


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Chapter 10 15

Routers - I

Operate at Network Layer of the OSI model

Can connect nearer or far network segments


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Chapter 10 16

Routers - II

Decide the best route with the help of network layeraddress

Responsible for Source to Destination delivery of

packet

Router types:

Static router Routing tables are manually configured

Dynamic router Routing tables are automatically

configured


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Chapter 10 17

Helps routers to learn network topology andnetwork changes

Routing algorithms are used by routing protocols for

deciding the path

Routing Protocols - I


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Chapter 10 18

Gateways - I

Operate at all layers of the OSI model Act as gate to other networks

A default gateway is on the same subnet as your

computer

Gateway

Types

Address

Gateway

Protocol

Gateway

Application

Gateway

Transport

Gateway


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Chapter 10 19

Gateways - II

Address GatewayInterconnects same protocol

networks

Protocol Gateway Interconnects different protocol

networks

Application Gateway Connects two parts of

applications

Transport Gateway Connects networks at

transport layer


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Chapter 10 20

Other Devices - I

Multi-protocol router supports multiplecommunication protocols

Like router, it operates at Network Layer

Other

Devices

Multi-Protocol

RoutersBrouters

Layer 3

Switches


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Chapter 10 21

Other Devices - II

Brouter provides combined functions of Bridge andRouter

Works at two layers, Data Link and Network

Can operate only as bridge or only as router

High performance switch operating at network layer

is Layer 3 Switch


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Chapter 10 22

Summary - I

Repeater is basically a regenerator as it regeneratesthe signal

Repeater and Hub are layer 1 devices as theyoperate at the Physical layer of the OSI model

A multi-port repeater is known as Hub Hubs are of three types, active hub, passive hub

and intelligent hub

Active hub regenerates the signal before passingand Passive hub does not regenerate signal

Types of bridges are Transparent bridge,Translational bridge and Source-route bridge


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Chapter 10 23

Summary - II

Switch filters and forwards data to the destination

Switch uses cut through, store and forward orfragment free method for switching

A router is an intelligent device which functions at

the Network layer Router is capable of connecting many network

segments even though the segments are far

Routers are of two types, Static router and Dynamicrouter

The Netstsat and Route Print commands are usedto view the routing table


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Chapter 10 24

Summary - III

Routing algorithms are used by the routing protocols

to determine the next port to which the packet is to

be sent

Routing protocols are of two types, interior andexterior

RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF and IS-IS are interior

routing protocols and BGP is an exterior routing

protocol OSPF and IS-IS uses Link state algorithm

BGP uses path vector routing


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Chapter 10 25

Summary - IV

Gateway is a networking device which converts dataformat and not actual data

Backbone is a segment that connects othersegments

Multi-protocol routers support more than onecommunication protocols and works at network layer

Brouter provides combinational functions of a bridgeand a router

As name suggests Layer 3 switch operates at layer3 i.e. network layer of the OSI model

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Chapter 10 Internetworking Devices