Chapter 10-Part 2 Migration

7/31/2019 Chapter 10-Part 2 Migration

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1820- Moses Austin is grantedland in Texas To create an American colony

Spaniards saw them as being a buffer zonebetween America and Mexico

Americans agreed to Claim loyalty to Mexico

Convert to Catholicism

Prohibit slavery


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1821- Mexico gains independencefrom Spain

1822- Stephen Austin is grantedthe colony which had beenpromised to his father (who died) A total of 300 settlers came to

start the colony known as Austin


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1830- 15,000 American settlers and1,000 African slaves migrate to Austin,Texas

Americans outnumbered Mexicans in Texas by4 to 1Americans became a threat to Mexican

authority in Texas New settlers did not follow the three original

rules established by Austin Mexicos chaotic politics frustrated the

Americans


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Americans did not like Austins one-man rule of the colony Eventually, Austin lost power and the settlers

took control of the colonyMexico sent troops under General

Martin Perfecto de Cos (Santa Annasbrother-in-law) to occupy Texas to

enforce their authority in the region andoutlawed further American settlementof Texas at this point


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October, 1835- Americans refuse tohand over a cannon to Mexican troops

Americans took up arms to defend

themselves against the new Mexicandictator Santa Anna

Americans drove 1,100 Mexican troopsout of their Texas capital of San Antonio


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General Antonio Lopez deSanta Anna attacks theAmericans at the Alamo (an oldfortified mission) with over1,000 troops 180 American rebels defended the

mission to the death includingColonel William Barrett Travis, JimBowie, and Davy Crockett


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Santa Anna then turns to the city ofGoliad Attacks and takes the city

Sam Houston (Texas militia leader)leads a raid against Santa Anna at theBattle of San Jacinto Americans win the battle in a few minutes and

Santa Anna is exiled back to Mexico


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America would not annex Texasbecause it was a slave state and itsaddition would upset the balancebetween free and slave states andrepresentation in Congress


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Texas becomes known as the Lone StarRepublic Texas remained independent for nine

years (1836 to 1845) Population grew from 35,000 to

147,000

Cotton plantations and cattle rancheswere the two most common sights


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Originally an isolated Spanish-Mexicanfrontier community of 35,000 people

Major communities included Santa Fe andAlbuquerque

Most were sheepherders and grew corn Constantly at war with neighboring Indian

tribes from the 1600s to 1865 US trade with these people was illegal until

the Mexican government becameindependent in 1821


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Captain William Becknell 1821- headed west from Missouri seeking trade

with the Indians of the region

1822- led a large expedition to Santa Fe Established the Santa Fe Trail- the frontier highway for

prairie schooners (wagons trains) headed west

Other men such as Charles Bent and KitCarson married Spanish-Mexican women and

started forming an American presence in theregion


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Fur trappers and trailblazers to theWest

Found the valleys and low, easy

passages through the mountainsLearned the languages and customs of

the Indians1825 to1840- height of their influence in

the West


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Jedediah Smith Found the South Pass in Wyoming

Eventual major route to the Oregon Territory

on the Oregon TrailJohn C. Fremont

Led an expedition into California along with KitCarson

Exploring the region for overland routes to theregion


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First Americans were sailors whopicked up furs to take to China for trade

First permanent American settlement

was established by John Jacob Astor Pacific Fur Company located in Astoria,

Oregon on the Columbia River in 1811

During the War of 1812 it was sold to the

British


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Nathaniel J. Wyeth1832- led a small group into the region

to trade Given credit for establishing the Oregon Trail

Efforts to make a fortune in the Oregon Territoryfailed, but he opened the way to Oregon for othersto follow


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Nathaniel J. Wyeth1834- led another group into the region

Mostly Protestant missionaries led by Jason

Lee Met by the director of the British-controlled

Hudsons Bay Company- Dr. John McLoughlin


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Dr. Marcus Whitman and Henry Spaulding

Ventured into the Oregon Territory with their wivesto convert the Indians to Christianity

Lived among the Natives until the Indians revoltedagainst them and killed them

Father Pierre de Smet

1844- Catholic Jesuit missionary

Assisted in establishing several Catholic missionsin the region over the next few years


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1843- over 1,000 American settlers in Oregon Mostly as a result of the economic depression of

1837 caused by Andrew Jacksons rejection of theNational Bank

Many came to see the perpetual springtime thatthey had heard about in stories about the region

Thousands of settlers began to make thejourney into the territory and the US had to

pay attention to what was going on out there


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1834- Mexican government secularized the Missionsand distributed the land to rancheros Created huge estates owned by Mexicans of Spanish

descent

Approximately 4,000 Mexican settlers between San Diegoand San Francisco

Americans flocked to the Sacramento Valley by wayof the Oregon Trail in the 1830s

Swiss citizen John Sutter established a fort /

community in the Sacramento Valley in 1839 Eventually where the California Gold Rush begins


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Americans traveling to the West came inlarge groups of 50 to 100 people Traveled in prairie schooners (Conestoga

Wagons) in long trains that sometimesstretched for a couple of miles Pulled by 3 pairs of oxen, not horses

Could generally carry a ton

Groups were necessary to protect themselves

from the hostile Indians of the Great Plains


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The trail to the West generally started inIndependence, Missouri 200 miles west of St. Louis

Trip lasted about five months (May toSeptember) Had to make it through the mountain

passes of the West before winter setin


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Mormons Founder- Joseph Smith in Fayette, New York

Found success in Illinois and Missouri

1844- Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrumwere murdered by an anti-Mormon mob inMissouri

1846- Brigham Young moved the Mormons toDeseret, Utah Territory near the Great Salt

Lake Applied for statehood many times, but denied

because of their polygamist practices

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Chapter 10-Part 2 Migration