Chapter 10 -Planning and Cabling Networks

Modified by Profs. Chen and Cappellino

Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:

Identify the basic network media required to make a LAN connection.

Identify the types of connections for intermediate and end device connections in a LAN.

Identify the pinout configurations for straight-through and crossover cables.

Identify the different cabling types, standards, and ports used for WAN connections.

Define the role of device management connections when using Cisco equipment.

Design an addressing scheme for an internetwork and assign ranges for hosts, network devices, and the router interface.

Compare and contrast the importance of network designs.

LAN Device: Router Routers are the primary devices ______

__________________________________________ on a router ___________

________________________ Routers ___________________________

___________________________Routers used to interconnect networks that

use different technologies. Routers can have ___________________

interfaces. __________ interfaces allow routers to

connect to the LAN media. Usually via _____________, but modules

can be added for using fiber-optics. ___________________________________

connecting the LAN to other networks.

Intranetwork Devices LAN Device: Hub and switch Hub

A _________________________________________________ over all ports.

The ports use a ____________________ approach May have reduced performance in the LAN due to collisions and recovery.

Multiple hubs can be interconnected but they remain a ______________ ______________________________

Less expensive than a switchA hub is typically chosen as an intermediary device within a small LAN

SwitchA switch ________________________________________________

_______________________________________Switch is used to segment a network into _______________________. Switch _______________________________

Each _________ on the switch creates a _______________________ Switch provides __________________________________Switch can also be used to interconnect segments of different speeds. Switch has many ____________________________ or can be used

right out of the box

Device Selection Factors To meet user requirements ______________

___________, a LAN needs to be planned and designed.

Some factors to consider:CostSpeed and Types of Ports/InterfacesExpandabilityManageabilityAdditional Features and Services

Two topics in Switch selection will be explored: Cost Interface/Port characteristics

Switch Selection Factors: Cost The cost of a switch is determined by

its capacity and features Example: the switching speed, network management capabilities, embedded security technologies, etc.

Another cost consideration is how much to __________________

_____________________________ ______________________________________________________________

We can provide a secondary central switch to operate concurrently with the primary central switch.

We can also provide additional cabling to provide multiple interconnections between the switches.

Switch Selection: Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces

Newer computers with built-in 10/100/1000 Mbps NICs are available.

Best to choose a Layer 2 devices that can accommodate increased speeds and _____ _______________________ without replacing the central devices.

Consider _______________, _______ UTP and/or fiber, ___________ capability of ports

Router Selection Factors Cost

Routers can be expensive _________________________________ _______________________ (like fiber-optics) and other features.

Interface types Expandability

Routers come in both _________________________________ ________ configurations have a _______________ and type of ports. _______________________________ that provide the flexibility to add new

modules as requirements evolve come with a basic number of fixed ports as well as expansion slots.

Media Router’s Operating System Features

Depending on the version of the OS, the router can support certain features and services such as:

Security Quality of Service (QoS) Routing multiple Layer 3 protocols Services such as NAT and DHCP

There are other features as well…

LAN cabling- 4 areas to consider1. ______________

Location of the end devices and individual users. Uses patch cables to connect individual devices to

wall jacks. Straight-through cable is the most common patch

cable used.

2. Distribution cabling AKA ______ ______________________

Refers to the ___________________________ _________________________ in the work area.

According to standards, maximum length for a cable ________________________________________

Known as the permanent link because it is installed in the building structure.

LAN cabling- 4 areas to consider3. Telecommunications room AKA

_____________________________Contains - _____________________, and data

service units (DSUs) - that tie the network together. _______________________________________ In many organizations, the telecommunications

room also contains the _____________________.

4. ___________________________ ___________________________

Refers to the cabling used to _____________ ___________________________, where the servers are often located.

Also can _______________________________ ______________________ throughout the facility.

Sometimes routed outside the building to the WAN connection or ISP.

Backbones typically require high bandwidth media such as fiber-optic cabling to handle high traffic loads

Total Cable Length: 100 meters For UTP installations, the TIA/EIA-

568 standard specifies that the _________________ of cable- spanning __________________ __________ is limited to a _________ distance of _________

Standard states a patch cable max of __________ from

patch panel to switch/hub a patch cable max of ________ from the

device to the termination point on wall (wall receptacle)

Standard also specifies a backbone maximum of between 90m – 3000m depending on media

LAN and WAN – Types of Media Choosing the cables necessary to make a

successful LAN or WAN connection requires consideration of the different media types.

What are the different media types we’ve talked about?

Each media type has its advantages and disadvantages:

Cable length CostBandwidth Ease of installation Susceptible to EMI/RFI

Media type considerations… ______________________ - total length of cable required

to connect a device For example, UTP cabling for Ethernet, it has the recommended maximum

distance of 90 (100) meters. Fiber-optic cables may provide a greater cabling distance-up to 500 meters

to a few kilometers _____________________________________________________

____________________________________ The ________________, the more __________________ Cabling distance is a significant factor in data signal performance.

____ although fiber provides greater bandwidth than UTP, the material and installation costs are significantly higher.

____________________ different devices have different bandwidth considerations

A fiber cable may be a logical choice for a server connection which generally has a need for more bandwidth than a computer dedicated to a single user.

Wireless is supporting huge increases in bandwidth, but it has limitations in distance and power consumption.

LAN and WAN – Getting Connected Ease of Installation- varies according to cable

type, building architecture etc.____________ an ___________________________ _____________________________

__________________________________, _________ devices, such as access points, to the _____________

Requires more careful planning and testing. Many external factors, such as other radio frequency devices and

building construction, that can effect its operation. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)/Radio

Frequency Interference (RFI)Interference can be produced by electrical machines, lightning, and other communications devices, including radio equipment.

Fiber cable is the best choice. Why?Wireless is the medium _____________________

Making LAN Connections: RJ-45 connector

UTP cabling connections are specified by the Telecommunications Industry Association/ Electronics Industry Alliance (_____________)

The RJ-45 connector is the male component and is crimped on the end of the cable.

Straight-through UTP Cables For two directly connected devices

to communicate, the __________ ____________________ needs to be _____________ to the _______ ___________________________

A straight-through cable has connectors on each end that are terminated the same in accordance with either the T568A or T568B standards.

Use straight-through cables when __________________________________________________

What are some examples?

Crossover UTP Cables Crossover cables ________________

___________________________The cable must be terminated so the

_________________, taking the signal from device A at one end, is __________ ___________, on device B and vice-versa

To create the crossover, one end must be terminated as EIA/TIA _________ pinout, and the other end terminated with ______________ pinout.

What are some examples of when a crossover cable would be used?

FYI: Some newer devices may either auto-sense the required cable type or allow it to be configured

Console cables AKA Rollover cables To initially configure the Cisco device, a

___________________________________________________________________________ On Cisco equipment, configuration is done via a

___________________________________ The cable used between a terminal (computer)

and a console port is a __________________, with RJ-45 connectors.

The pinout for a rollover is exactly opposite on each end of the cable

Making WAN Connections WAN links can span extremely long

distances- even across the globe Wide area connections between

networks take a number of forms, including:

Telephone line RJ11 connectors for dialup or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connections

60 pin Serial connections Cisco routers in our lab connect using

one of two types of physical serial cables.

The first cable type has a ____________ _____________________________

The second type is a ______________ version and has a __________________

The other end of the cable is used as a V.35 connection to a Physical layer device such as a CSU/DSU.

Making WAN Connections: DCE and DTE Data Communications Equipment (_____________) –

Provides a ___________________________________________________ used to synchronize date transmission between

DCE and DTE devices It is at the WAN access provider end of the link.

Generally, the _____________________ service that synchronizes the transmitted signal. Data Terminal Equipment (____________________) –

It ______________________________ and adjusts accordingly. It is at the _____________________________ end of the link. If a serial connection is made directly to a service provider or to a device that

provides signal clocking such as a CSU/DSU, the router is the DTE and will use a DTE serial cable.

NOTE: in our _________, one local ________________ ________ and will therefore connect to the WAN using a DCE cable.

Making WAN Connections- In lab When making WAN

connections between two routers in a lab environment, connect two routers with a serial cable to simulate a point-to-point WAN link.

One router is going to be in control of clocking.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

How Many Hosts in the Network? To develop an addressing scheme for a network, start with

determining the ____________________________________The end devices requiring an IP address include (consider the future):

Other end devices such as __________, IP phones, and IP cameras

Network devices requiring an IP address include (consider the future):

Network devices requiring an IP address for management include (consider the future):

Next, determine if all hosts will be part of the same network, or whether the network as a whole will be divided into separate subnets.

Review: How is the number of hosts on one network or subnet calculated?

We need to come up with the total number of host- present and future

One per populated interface

One per device

How Many Networks?

Reasons to divide a network into subnets:____________________ - Create smaller broadcast domains_________________________________ - Consolidate users

with specific network requirements to one subnet._________________ - Different levels of network security can be

implemented based on network addresses. Counting the Subnets

__________, as a physical network segment, _______________ __________________________ for that subnet.

Each connection off a router’s interface is a separate subnet.What is the formula used to calculate the number of

subnets? Subnet Masks

Apply a unique subnet and subnet mask for each physical segmentFigure the range of usable host addresses for each subnet

Designing the Address Standard for our Internetwork

It is good practice to use ____________________ ____________________ across all subnets For example, when assigning an IP address to a router

interface that is the gateway for a LAN, it is common practice to use either the first (lowest) or last (highest) address within the subnet range.

Similarly, using a consistent pattern within subnets makes __________________________________ For example addresses within the .64 - .127 range

always represent the general users. See next slide for additional examples on our sample

topology… Important note: remember to _______________

________________________ on paper.

Example of an address pattern: FYI: some of the different categories for hosts are:

–General users

–Special users

–Network resources

–Router LAN interfaces

–Router WAN links

–Management access

Calculating Addresses

The curriculum goes step-by-step through an example in section 10.4.1- 10.4.3

They discuss the number of LAN’s needed and hosts per LAN and WAN

They then go through allocating addresses using VLSM and a non-VLSM method

Please step through that example very carefully and come in with any questions. VLSM should be review for you…

Following we will go through example Case #2

Calculating Addresses: Case 2 In this scenario we want to

subnet this internetwork while limiting the number of wasted hosts and subnets.

The figure shows _____different subnets, each with different host requirements. The given IP address is 192.168.1.0/24.

The host requirements are:NetworkA - 14 hostsNetworkB - 28 hostsNetworkC - 2 hostsNetworkD - 7 hostsNetworkE - 28 hosts

Let’s solve this challenge together…

First – shall we use VLSM or the non-VLSM method? And why?

Second- with which network should be start?

Let’s get started….

Calculating Addresses: Case 2 As we did with Case 1, we begin the process by

subnetting for the _______________________ In this case, the __________requirements are

for ____________________________________For networks ___________ are borrowed from the

____________ and the calculation is 2^5 = 32 - 2. This allows _____________________________Network B will use Subnet 0:

Host address range Network E will use Subnet 1:

Host address range The __________________________, followed

by ________________________Network ___ will use Subnet 0:

Host address range Network ____ will use Subnet 1:

Host address range Network_____ has _____________________

Network C will use Subnet 1: Host address range

The host requirements are:–NetworkA - 14 hosts

–NetworkB - 28 hosts

–NetworkC - 2 hosts

–NetworkD - 7 hosts

–NetworkE - 28 hosts

Device Interfaces Note: Cisco devices, routers, and switches have several

types of _____________________________ _____________________________________

The Ethernet interface is used for connecting cables that terminate with LAN devices such as computers and switches.

Several conventions for naming Ethernet interfaces, including AUI (older Cisco devices), ____________________________

______________________________________________Serial interfaces are used for connecting WAN devices to the CSU/DSU.For lab, we will make a ___________________________________,

and ________________________________________Like all populated LAN interfaces, the WAN interfaces are assigned

_____________________________ ______________________________________

The console interface (port) is the interface for ___________________. Also used for _____________________________Reminder: Physical security of network devices is extremely important.

Auxiliary (______________) InterfaceThis interface is used for remote ______________________________. Typically, a modem is connected to the AUX interface for dial-in access.

Making the Device Management Connection

Networking devices do not have their own monitors, keyboards, etc.

Accessing a network device for configuration, verification, or troubleshooting is made via a connection between the _______________________________

To enable this connection, the computer runs a program called a ________________________

_____________________ that allows a computer to ____________________________________

Allows a person to use the display and keyboard on one computer to operate another device

The cable connection between the computer running the terminal emulation program and the device is often made via the ___________________________

Making the Device Management Connection To connect to a router or switch, to a computer, for device

management using terminal emulation, follow these steps: Step 1:

Connect a computer to the console port using _________ The console cable, has a DB-9 connector on one end and an

RJ-45 connector on the other end. Many newer computers do not have an serial interface. You

can use a USB-to-serial cable to access the console port. Step 2:

For the purpose of this course, use _______________ as our terminal emulation program.

Found under All Programs > Accessories > Communications. Select HyperTerminal.

Open HyperTerminal, configure the port with these settings: Bits per second: 9600 bps Data bits: 8 Parity: None Stop bits: 1 Flow control: None

Step 3:Log in to the router using the terminal emulator software. You can __________________________