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Chapter
11 Chapter Resources
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Image Bank
Video Clipsand Animations
Chapter Assessment Questions
Chapter Summary
Transparencies Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
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Chapter
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Analyzing the Energy of a Bouncing Basketball
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Money Model
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Throwing or Catching a Ball
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Amount of Money in Various Forms
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Gravitational Potential Energy
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Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of a System
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The Gravitational Potential Energy of the Bowling Ball
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Arrow Moving Through the Air
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Pole-vaulter Bending the Pole
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System Consisting of a 10.0-N Ball and Earth
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A Ball Rolling Down a Ramp
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Graph of the Changing Potential and Kinetic Energies ofa Pendulum
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Energy Bar Graphs
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Conservation of Mechanical Energy
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Case 1: Two Objects Moving Apart in Opposite Directions
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Case 2: Moving Object Coming to Rest and the Stationary Object Beginning to Move and Case 3: Two Objects Sticking
Together and Moving As One
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Three Kinds of Collisions
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Kinetic Energy
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A Bullet Going Through a Motionless Wooden Block
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A Child Sliding Down a Playground Slide
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Two Sections of Grooved Track Placed Together
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The Support Block Moved so That It Is Under the Midsection of the Inclined Track
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The Support Block Moved to a Point about Three-quartersdown the Length of the Inclined Track
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Running Smarter
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 50)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 60)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 69)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 71)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 74)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 78)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 91)
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Standardized Test Practice (Q. 2)
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Standardized Test Practice (Q. 7)
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TransparenciesChapter
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Chapter
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Transparency 11-1
Transparencies
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Transparency 11-2
Transparencies
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Transparency 11-4
Transparencies
Throwing a Ball
Chapter
11 Video Clips and Animations
Catching a Ball
Chapter
11 Video Clips and Animations
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of a System (1)
Chapter
11 Video Clips and Animations
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of a System (2)
Chapter
11 Video Clips and Animations
Gravitational Potential Energy
Chapter
11 Video Clips and Animations
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Skiing
Chapter
11 Video Clips and Animations
Pendulums
Chapter
11 Video Clips and Animations
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Chapter
11 Video Clips and Animations
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Chapter Summary
The kinetic energy of an object is proportional to its mass and the square of its velocity.
The rotational kinetic energy of an object is proportional to the object’s moment of inertia and the square of its angular velocity.
When the Earth is included in a system, the work done by gravity is replaced by gravitational potential energy.
The Many Forms of Energy
Section
11.1
Chapter Summary
The gravitational potential energy of an object depends on the object’s weight and its distance from Earth’s surface.
The Many Forms of Energy
Section
11.1
The reference level is the position where the gravitational potential energy is defined to be zero.
Elastic potential energy may be stored in an object as a result of its change in shape.
Chapter Summary
Albert Einstein recognized that mass itself has potential energy. This energy is called rest energy.
The Many Forms of Energy
Section
11.1
Chapter Summary
The sum of kinetic and potential energy is called mechanical energy.
Conservation of Energy
Section
11.2
If no objects enter or leave a system, the system is considered to be a closed system.
If there are no external forces acting on a system, the system is considered to be an isolated system.
Chapter Summary
The total energy of a closed, isolated system is constant. Within the system, energy can change form, but the total amount of energy does not change. Thus, energy is conserved.
Conservation of Energy
Section
11.2
Chapter Summary
The type of collision in which the kinetic energy after the collision is less than the kinetic energy before the collision is called an inelastic collision.
The type of collision in which the kinetic energy before and after the collision is the same is called an elastic collision.
Momentum is conserved in collisions if the external force is zero. The mechanical energy may be unchanged or decreased by the collision, depending on whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.
Conservation of Energy
Section
11.2
A car and a train are moving with the same velocity. Which of the following statements about their kinetic energy is true?
Question 1
A. Neither the car nor the train possesses kinetic energy.
B. Kinetic energy of the car is greater than that of the train.
C. Kinetic energy of the train is greater than that of the car.
D. Both the car and the train are running with the same kinetic energy.
Chapter
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Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer: C
Answer 1
Chapter
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Reason: Kinetic energy of an object is half times the product of its mass and the square of its velocity.
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass. As the velocity of the car and the train are the same, the train will have greater kinetic energy since it has greater mass.
Chapter Assessment Questions
When an arrow is thrown by hand, its speed is less than the speed when it is shot using a bow. Explain why.
Question 2
Chapter
11
Chapter Assessment Questions
When the string of a bow is pulled, work is done on the bow. Hence, the elastic potential energy is stored in the string of this bow. Before the string is released, the energy is all potential. As the string is released, the energy is transferred to the arrow as kinetic energy. Hence, when the arrow is shot using a bow, more energy is supplied to the system than when the arrow is thrown by hand. Hence, the speed of the arrow is less when it is thrown by hand.
Answer 2
Chapter
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If a car is moving in the backward direction, what can we say about its kinetic energy?
Question 3
A. Kinetic energy is negative as it is moving in the backward direction.
B. Kinetic energy is positive.
C. The car does not possess kinetic energy.
D. Kinetic energy of the car gets stored as gravitational potential energy.
Chapter
11 Chapter Assessment Questions
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer: B
Answer 3
Chapter
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Reason: Kinetic energy of an object is half the product of its mass and the square of its velocity.
Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of velocity. Since the square of any number is always positive, kinetic energy is always positive.
A clock consists of an hour’s hand, a minute’s hand, and a second’s hand all of equal masses. Which of the following statements is true?
Question 4
A. Kinetic energy of the hour’s hand is greater than that of the minute’s hand and the second’s hand.
B. Kinetic energy of the minute’s hand is greater than that of the hour’s hand and the second’s hand.
C. Kinetic energy of the second’s hand is greater than that of the hour’s hand and the minute’s hand.
D. All the hands are moving with equal kinetic energy.
Chapter Assessment QuestionsChapter
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Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer: C
Answer 4
Reason: Kinetic energy of an object is half times the product of its mass and square of its velocity.
Chapter
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Kinetic energy is directly proportional to velocity (speed). Since the speed of the second’s hand is greater than the speed of the hour’s hand and the minute’s hand and also since the masses of all the hands are same, the kinetic energy of the second’s hand is greater than that of the hour’s hand and the minute’s hand.
A ball is thrown vertically upward in air. Which of the following statements is true?
Question 5
Chapter Assessment QuestionsChapter
11
A. Kinetic energy of the ball goes on increasing.
B. Kinetic energy of the ball goes on decreasing.
C. The ball does not possess kinetic energy at all.
D. Gravitational potential energy of the ball goes on decreasing.
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer: B
Answer 5
Reason: As the ball is thrown up in the air, gravity does negative work, slowing the ball to a stop. On the way up, as the ball slows down, energy changes from kinetic energy to potential energy. Therefore, the initial kinetic energy with which the ball is thrown goes on decreasing as it gets converted into potential energy.
Chapter
11
A spring-loaded toy car is kept on the floor after compressing the spring. What form of energy does the toy car use to move?
Question 6
Chapter Assessment QuestionsChapter
11
A. Stored gravitational potential energy
B. Stored kinetic energy
C. Linear kinetic energy
D. Stored elastic potential energy
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer: D
Answer 6
Reason: When a spring is compressed or stretched, or an object is bent, energy is stored as elastic potential energy. Hence, since the spring of the toy car is compressed, energy is stored as elastic potential energy. The toy car uses this stored elastic potential energy to move. As the toy car moves, the elastic potential energy gets converted into other forms of energy such as linear or rotational kinetic energy.
Chapter
11
Standardized Test Practice
1. A bicyclist increases her speed from 4.0 m/s to 6.0 m/s. The combined mass of the bicyclist is 55 kg. How much work did the bicyclist do in increasing her speed?
Multiple Choice
Chapter
11
A. 11 J
B. 28 J
C. 55 J
D. 550 J
2. The illustration shows a ball swinging freely in a plane. The mass of the ball is 4.0 kg. Ignoring friction, what is the maximum kinetic energy of the ball as it swings back and forth?
Multiple Choice
Chapter
11 Standardized Test Practice
A. 0.14 m/s
B. 21 m/s
C. 7.0 m/s
D. 49 m/s
Standardized Test Practice
3. You lift a 4.5-kg box from the floor and place it on a shelf that is 1.5 m above the ground. How much energy did you use in lifting the box?
Multiple Choice
Chapter
11
A. 9.0 J
B. 49 J
C. 11 J
D. 88 J
Standardized Test Practice
4. You drop a 6.0×10−2 −kg ball from a height of 1.0 m above a hard, flat surface. The ball strikes the surface and loses 0.14 J of its energy. It then bounces back upward. How much kinetic energy does the ball have just after it bounces off the flat surface?
Multiple Choice
Chapter
11
A. 0.20 J
B. 0.59 J
C. 0.45 J
D. 0.73 J
Standardized Test Practice
5. You move a 2.5-kg book from a shelf that is 1.2 m above the ground to a shelf that is 2.6 m above the ground. What is the change in the book’s potential energy?
Multiple Choice
Chapter
11
A. 1.4 J
B. 25 J
C. 3.5 J
D. 34 J
Standardized Test Practice
6. A ball of mass m rolls along a flat surface with a speed of v1. It strikes a padded wall and bounces back in the opposite direction. The energy of the ball after striking the wall is half its initial energy. Ignoring friction, which of the following expressions gives the ball’s new speed as a function of its initial speed?
Multiple Choice
Chapter
11
A. C.
B. D.
7. The illustration to the right shows a ball on a curved track. The ball starts with zero velocity at the top of the track. It then rolls from the top of the track to the horizontal part at the ground. Ignoring friction, its velocity just at the moment it reaches the ground is 14 m/s. What is the height, h, from the ground to the top of the track?
Multiple Choice
Chapter
11 Standardized Test Practice
A. 7 m
B. 14 m
C. 10 m
D. 20 m
Standardized Test Practice
8. A box sits on a platform supported by a compressed spring. The box has a mass of 1.0 kg. When the spring is released, it gives 4.9 J of energy to the box, and the box flies upward. What will be the maximum height above the platform reached by the box before it begins to fall?
Extended Answer
Chapter
11
Standardized Test Practice
Use the Process of Elimination
Test-Taking Tip
Chapter
11
On any multiple-choice test, there are two ways to find the correct answer to each question. Either you can choose the right answer immediately or you can eliminate the answers that you know are wrong.
Chapter ResourcesChapter
11
End of Chapter Resource File
