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Chapter 11
The Life Cycle
Lesson 4Infant and Child Development
Building Vocabulary
cell The basic unit of life
tissues Groups of similar cells that do a particular job
organA body part made up of different tissues joined to perform a particular function
body systemA group of organs that work together to carry out related tasks
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
Lesson Home
Building Vocabulary
embryoThe developing organism from two weeks until the end of the eighth week of development
fetusThe developing organism from the end of the eighth week until birth
developmental tasksAn event that needs to happen in order for you to continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult
infancy The first year of life after birth
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
Lesson Home
Building Vocabulary
toddler A child between the ages of one and three
preschooler A child between the ages of three and five
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
Lesson Home
How Life Begins
cell The basic unit of life
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
Your whole body began as a single cell.
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
Building Blocks of Life
tissues Groups of similar cells that do a particular job
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
The body is made up of trillions of tiny cells. Cells that have similar functions in the body work together in larger units called tissues. Some examples include muscle tissue, brain tissue, and connective tissue.
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
Building Blocks of Life
body system A group of organs that work together to carry out related tasks
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
Tissues, in turn, can form an organ. Your heart, brain, liver, and lungs are all organs. When many organs work together to carry out a certain job, they form a body system.
organ A body part made up of different tissues joined to perform a particular function
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
Development Before Birth
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
• After fertilization, the fertilized egg cell makes its way down the fallopian tube, continuing to divide along the way.
• By the time it reaches the uterus, it has become a hollow ball of cells about the size of a pinhead. This ball attaches itself to the lining of the uterus.
• From this point on, it is called an embryo.
embryo The developing organism from two weeks until the end of the eighth week of development
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
Development Before Birth
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
• Once an embryo is attached inside the uterus, the cells continue to multiply and change, forming tissues that do specific jobs.
• Those tissues combine to form organs. After about eight weeks, all the major organs of the body have begun to take shape, including the heart, brain, and lungs. From this point, the embryo is called a fetus.
• The average time from conception to birth is about nine months, or 280 days.
fetus The developing organism from the end of the eighth week until birth
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
Stages of Life
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
The psychologist Erik Erikson divided the human life cycle into eight separate stages:
Infancy
Early childhood
Middle childhood
Late childhood
Adolescence
Early adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood
Lesson Home
Stages of Life
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
At each stage of life, you need to master a developmental task.
developmental task An event that needs to happen in order for you to continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
Infancy
infancy The first year of life after birth
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
During infancy, babies learn about their own bodies. Tasks learned in this stage include:• focusing the eyes.• sitting up.• observing the world.• recognizing familiar people, objects, and others’ voices.• beginning to learn language.• making sounds.• developing bonds of love and trust with parents and others close
to them.
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
Early Childhood
toddler A child between the ages of one and three
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
During the second year of life, a toddler will:• become more aware of themself and their surroundings.• learn to do things on their own, such as feeding themselves and
using the toilet. • speak in short sentences and follow simple directions.• learn to run, jump, or kick a ball. • recognize different shapes. • imitate the behavior of their parents or siblings. • become more interested in being independent.
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Middle Childhood
preschooler A child between the ages of three and five
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
A preschooler:• asks a lot of questions.• uses his or her imagination. • enjoys telling stories or singing songs. • becomes more interested in people outside his or her families. • learns to cooperate with other children. • can do exercises like hopping on one foot or riding a tricycle.• may be able to dress themselves or choose foods at mealtimes.
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
Late Childhood
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
From ages six to eleven, children• become more independent from their families, and friends • develop increased confidence in themselves.
Lesson Home
Adolescence
LESSON 4
Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.
During the time between ages 12 and 18, you are no longer a child, but you are not yet an adult. During adolescence, you experience physical, mental/emotional, and social changes that prepare you for adulthood.
Lesson Home