CHAPTER 11

The Origins and Expansion of Islam,

100 – 750

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1. Pre-Islamic Arabia

A. Camels and Commerce1. Isolation2. Camel transport3. Southern Arabia and trade

B. The Collapse of Southern Arabia and the Rise of Mecca1. Challenges and competition2. The introduction of monotheism3. Destruction of southern Arabian states4. Mecca

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2. The Rise of Islam

A. The Prophet Muhammad1. Early life2. Revelations3. A new prophet, a new religion, and a new mission4. The Qur’an

B. From Mecca to Medina1. Hijra2. Umma3. Five Pillars of Islam4. Conversion of Mecca

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3. Islam Expands, 632 – 661

A. An Agreement Between Leader and Followers1. Succession crisis2. The caliphate3. Jihad and the two houses4. The caliphate as empire

B. The Challenge to a Unified Islam1. Divisions2. Sunnis and Shi’ites

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4. The Umayyad Caliphate, 661 – 750

A. Umayyad Expansion1. Centralization and expansion2. Commerce and expansion

B. Collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate1. The Abbasids

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6. Society and Culture in Early Islam

A. Religious Observance: The MosqueB. Legal Uniformity: The Shari`ah

1. Islamic law and daily life2. Gender and Islamic law

C. Tolerance of Other Faiths

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