Chapter 12Foreign Affairs

in theYoung Nation

Problems/Threats

British controlled Canada

British had forts on U.S. land (Ohio Valley)

Spain had Florida & Louisiana

France & Britain at warShould U.S get

involved?

C12.2 President Washington Creates a Foreign Policy

Washington’s Policyneutrality

- don’t choose sides

- don’t help France or Britain

isolationism- avoid alliances- keep to

ourselves

C12.3-4 Dilemma 1: What Should President Adams Do to Protect American Ships?

Problems US & Britain signed Jay’s Treaty; end Ohio forts

France angry at USFrench attack US merchant

ships going to BritainAdams sent 3 reps to

France to talk peaceFrench demanded tribute

($) to talk; angered Americans

Congress prepared for warrecruited 10,000 soldiersbuilt 12 shipspaid privateers to attack

French ships

ActionsAdams against warSent peace mission to

Francenew French ruler

Napoleon agreed to peace

U.S. & France ended alliance

Many Americans against peace with France

Adams lost reelection

C12.5-6 Dilemma 2: How Should Pres. Jefferson Deal with Pirates?

ProblemsBritain & France at warBoth attacked U.S.

trade shipsBritain impressed

American sailors Pirates in N. Africa held

merchant ships for ransom

U.S. paid tribute to keep ships safe

Tripoli (a Barbary state in N. Africa) demanded more $ and declared war on U.S

Actions Jefferson sent warships -protect U.S. ships -attack TripoliU.S. & Tripoli signed

treaty, end tributeU.S. destroyed other

pirate basesEmbargo Act (1807)

ended trade to stop British & French attacks on ships

- Americans lost jobs - repealed in 1809 - attacks continued

C12.7-8 Dilemma 3: What Should President Madison Do to Protect Sailors and Settlers?

Problems British & French attacking U.S. trade ships

British impressing Americans

Madison considered warNew Englanders &

Federalists against war - trade with Britain South & West favored war - Indians attacked settlers with British guns War Hawks for war - want Canada - want to stand up to British

Actions (War of 1812)Congress declared war on

Britain (1812)U.S. tried to take Canada;

failedBritish burned D.C.British attacked Fort

McHenry; failed - Francis Scott Key wrote poem; later national anthem U.S. defeated 7500 British at

New Orleans Peace treaty signed 2 weeks

earlier (Treaty of Ghent, 1815)

Results - War of 1812Neither side wonIndian resistance

weakened; leave OhioNational pride grewFederalist Party

weakenedTwo war generals

later become presidents:William Henry

HarrisonAndrew Jackson

C12.9-10 Dilemma 4: What Should President Monroe Do to Support the New Latin American Nations?

ProblemsMiguel Hidalgo led

Mexican Rev. against Spain1821 Mexico won

independenceSimon Bolivar & Jose de

San Martin led revolutions against Spain in South America

1825, last Spanish troops left Latin America

U.S. supported revolutionsSome Europeans wanted to

help Spain get land backMonroe wondered

ActionsMonroe made

speech to CongressAnnounced his

policy called “Monroe Doctrine”

Warned Europeans stay out of Latin America

U.S. would stop them

U.S. wanted to be dominant influence in Americas

Showed world U.S. was strong; confident