Chapter 12, Section 1The Lone Star Republic

Cornell Notes

Section 1: Sam Houston’s GovernmentHouston forms a GovernmentPresident : Vice President

& Secretary of State

Capital City

President: Sam HoustonVice President: Mirabeau B. Lamar-They wanted to join the U.S. right away.

Secretary of State: Stephen F. Austin- but he only served a few weeks, he died of pneumonia. President Houston declared “The Father of Texas is no more. The first pioneer of the wilderness has departed.”

John K. Allen and his brother Augustus founded Houston on the Buffalo Bayou.

Dec. 1836 congress designated Houston as the capital for three years.

Early visitors commented on the muddy streets, crudely built houses and swarms of mosquitoes.

Section 1: Sam Houston’s GovernmentHouston Faces Trouble with the Army:

The United States Delays Annexation:

Many latecomers wanted to invade Mexico, President Houston wanted no part of that.-war would be costly -quick end to the new republic

President Houston sent all but 600 soldiers home on leave and never recalled them to duty.

Texans Want to be apart of US:1. Most had emigrated from the U.S.2. Wanted U.S. Protection3. Strong Cultural tiesAnnexation: to incorporate a country or territory into another county or territory.U.S. Delays because:1. Mexico refused to recognize Texas’ independence- the U.S. didn’t want to annex Texas if it meant damaging relations with Mexico2. Texas would be entering as a slave state and would tip the balance of power in the U.S. Senate

Recognition as a Nation:

U.S.A.

European Countries

European & U.S. wanted …

What did the following countries believe about Texas at first and what did they end up doing?Didn’t officially recognize Texas for several months. President Jackson sent Henry Morfit to Texas on a fact finding MissionMorfit reported: Texas could not keep its independence if Mexico invaded

Wharton and Hunt were sent to Washington D.C. to convince Congress- March 1837 – President Jackson granted official recognition of Texas. Houston sent J. Pinckney Henderson to obtain recognition and negotiate commercial tries with France and Great Britain.-Hesitated because they did not want to offend Mexico- Believed that Texas would quickly be annexed by the U.S.RecognitionFrance: September 25, 1839Great Britain: 1840Netherlands: 1840

Looking for ways to limit the U.S. expansion.U.S. did not want European countries to have a foothold on the continent.

Section 1: Sam Houston’s Government

Native Americans and Texan Conflicts:

President Houston took the following actions:

Which tribes were a problem & what did they do: Wichitas, Comanches, Kiowas and other Native Americans resented newcomers .

They began a series of raids in 1836 that lasted for several years. *Cynthia Ann Parker

1. Called on the Texas Rangers to patrol central Texas.2. February 1836 Treaty - Houston tried to reach an agreement with the Cherokees during the Texas Revolution- Cherokees promised to remain peaceful during the Texas fight for independence, in return for titles to their land. Later Texas refused to accept this treaty and the Cherokees did not receive titles to their land.

Section 1: Sam Houston’s Government

Texas Debt Soars

The Release of Santa Anna

When he returned to Mexico

Expenditures: money paid outRevenue: money receivedDebt: supplies and equipment of the revolution. It was $1.25 million when Houston became presidentSolution:1. Placed tariffs, or taxes on various goods imported into Texas2. Imposed property taxes 3. Business Taxes4. Land title feesBy the time Houston left office, Texas debt climbed to $2 million

Texans hoped that the release of Santa Anna would improve relations with Mexico.

Renounced all promised he had made to Texas and declared that he had left politics forever. Within a few years, he was back in powerMexico still refused to recognize the independence of Texas.

Section 1: Sam Houston’s Government