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Chapter 1.2- The Nature of Science!
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
What is science?
• Science is a body of knowledge based on the study of the natural world.!
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
What is science?• The nature of science is! scientific inquiry.!
• Scientific inquiry is both a creative process and a process rooted in unbiased observations and experimentation. !
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
• A scientific theory is an explanation of a natural event (supported by observations and experiments.)!
The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
• A scientific law describes relationships, but does not explain why the relationship is the way it is.!!
• Theories do not become laws and laws do not become theories.!
The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
• Pseudoscience !
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
• Pseudoscience imitates science!!• Driven by cultural or commercial goal !
• New questions and additional research are not welcomed!
Characteristics of Good Science:
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Makes observations & draws conclusions
• Scientists choose subjects to study and decide what types of data to collect.!
• They analyze the data collected to draw conclusions.!
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Expands knowledge!
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
• Scientific explanations combine what is already known with evidence from observations and experiments.!!• Driven by the search for knowledge! !
• Constantly evaluate what is known!
Challenges accepted theories
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
• Scientists welcome debate about one another’s ideas.!!
• Science advances by bringing in new information as it is discovered.!
Questions results!
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
• In science, data that are not consistent with current scientific understanding are of interest and often lead to further investigations.!
• In pseudoscience, inconsistencies are discarded, or ignored. !
Tests claims!
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
• Scientists use the scientific method.!• They use data and observations from
investigations and controlled experiments.!!
• Pseudoscientists make claims that cannot be tested, or are a mixture of fact and opinion.!
Undergoes peer review!
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The Nature of Science!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
• Before it is made public, science-based information is reviewed by scientists’ peers.!!
• Peer review is when an experiment and the results are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting similar research.!
Science in Everyday Life
Scientific literacy• A person who is scientifically literate
combines a basic understanding of science and its processes with reasoning and thinking skills.!!
• Ethics are a set of principles or values.!
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Homework!
1.2worksheets
