Chapter 13: Early African Civilizations

Great Civilizations in West Africa arose

•1. in the Sahara desert.•2. along the Atlantic coast.•3. along the Niger River.•4. in the Atlas Mountains.

Great Civilizations in West Africa arose

•1. in the Sahara desert.•2. along the Atlantic coast.•3. along the Niger River.•4. in the Atlas Mountains.

Which list of regions is in order from most rainfall to least?

•1. Sahel, savannah, rain forest, Sahara•2. Sahel, rain forest, savannah, Sahara•3. rain forest, Sahel, savannah, Sahara•4. rain forest, savannah, Sahel, Sahara

Which list of regions is in order from most rainfall to least?•1. Sahel, savannah, rain forest, Sahara

•2. Sahel, rain forest, savannah, Sahara

•3. rain forest, Sahel, savannah, Sahara

•4. rain forest, savannah, Sahel, Sahara

Which of the following are traditional West African crops?•1. olives and grapes•2. dates and kola nuts•3. sugar cane and rice•4. peanuts and soybeans

Which of the following are traditional West African crops?•1. olives and grapes•2. dates and kola nuts•3. sugar cane and rice•4. peanuts and soybeans

Men and women in traditional West African society were loyal to their

•1. work groups and parents•2. extended families and age-

sets.•3. religious and military leaders•4. nobility and elders

Men and women in traditional West African society were loyal to their

•1. work groups and parents•2. extended families and age-

sets.•3. religious and military leaders•4. nobility and elders

Which activity would men and women do in a West African village?

•1. hunting•2. farming•3. collecting firewood•4. caring for children

Which activity would men and women do in a West African village?

•1. hunting•2. farming•3. collecting firewood•4. caring for children

The traditional religious practice of West Africans was centered on the belief that •1. the spirits of ancestors stayed nearby.•2. there was only one god.•3. rituals were very important.•4. each person lived several lives.

The traditional religious practice of West Africans was centered on the belief that •1. the spirits of ancestors stayed nearby.•2. there was only one god.•3. rituals were very important.•4. each person lived several lives.

How did Ghana’s kings keep order in their large empire?•1. They allowed conquered rulers to

retain power.•2. They used the army to maintain order.•3. All citizens went to special schools t0 learn.•4. They allowed people in other territories to choose their own leaders.

How did Ghana’s kings keep order in their large empire?•1. They allowed conquered rulers to

retain power.•2. They used the army to maintain order.•3. All citizens went to special schools t0 learn.•4. They allowed people in other territories to choose their own leaders.

Who were the Almoravids?•1. merchants from the north who controlled

the salt trade•2. Muslims who attacked Ghana and cut off trade routes.•3. Christians from southern Europe who joined forces with Ghana•4. a group of sea-traveling people from the

coast of southern Africa

Who were the Almoravids?•1. merchants from the north who controlled

the salt trade•2. Muslims who attacked Ghana and cut off trade routes.•3. Christians from southern Europe who joined forces with Ghana•4. a group of sea-traveling people from the

coast of southern Africa

Many of the West African epics can be read

•1. in the great library in Mecca.•2. in the Dausi and the Sundiata.

•3. in the Qur’an.•4. on the walls of mosques in Timbuktu.

Many of the West African epics can be read

•1. in the great library in Mecca.•2. in the Dausi and the Sundiata.

•3. in the Qur’an.•4. on the walls of mosques in Timbuktu.

West Africa’s _____ mines were a source of wealth. (salt, iron)

West Africa’s _____ mines were a source of wealth. (salt, iron)

Traders in Ghana used _____ to exchange goods. (silent barter, public auctions)

Traders in Ghana used _____ to exchange goods. (silent barter, public auctions)

Every trader who entered _____ had to pay a tax on the goods he carried. (Ghana, Mali)

Every trader who entered _____ had to pay a tax on the goods he carried. (Ghana, Mali)

After _____ conquered Ghana, he took over the salt and gold trades. (Sundiata, Mansa Musa)

After _____ conquered Ghana, he took over the salt and gold trades. (Sundiata, Mansa Musa)

By 800, _____ controlled West Africa’s trade routes. (Songhai, Ghana)

By 800, _____ controlled West Africa’s trade routes. (Songhai, Ghana)

In 1431, nomads from the Sahara called the _____ seized Timbuktu.(Tuareg, Maghan)

In 1431, nomads from the Sahara called the _____ seized Timbuktu.(Tuareg, Maghan)

In 1324, Mansa Musa left his empire on a pilgrimage to _____. (Mecca, Morocco)

In 1324, Mansa Musa left his empire on a pilgrimage to _____. (Mecca, Morocco)

To help maintain order, _____ created five provinces within Songhai.(Sunni Ali, Askia the Great)

To help maintain order, _____ created five provinces within Songhai.(Sunni Ali, Askia the Great)

The leaders of _____ built a huge stone-walled fortress to protect their capital. (Great Zimbabwe, Mali)

The leaders of _____ built a huge stone-walled fortress to protect their capital. (Great Zimbabwe, Mali)

An epic poem called the _____ tells the history of Ghana. (Sundiata, Dausi)

An epic poem called the _____ tells the history of Ghana. (Sundiata, Dausi)

long, deep valleys formed by the movement of the earth’s crust

rifts

Africa south of the Sahara

Sub-Saharan

Mali’s most famous ruler

Mansa Musa

The belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits

animism

A process in which people exchange goods without contacting each other directly

silent barter

a spoken record of past events

oral history

storyteller of early West Africa

griot

short sayings of wisdom or truth

proverb

A family group that includes the father, mother, children, and close relatives

extended-family

What is one way the kingdom of Ghana used the natural resources available to it?

The kingdom of Ghana had mineral resources, such as gold from the forests, Ghana traded the gold for other items that came from North Africa and the Islamic world. (salt)

Why did the kingdom of Ghana collapse?

1. The Almoravids invaded Ghana in the 1060s.2. They brought herds of animals with them, ruining Ghana’s grasslands by overgrazing.3. A country conquered by Ghana rebelled.

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