Chapter 13 Qal Perfect Strong Verbs - hebrewsyntax.org · Chapter 13 (Qal Perfect Strong Verbs): Goals Know how to parse and translate Qal perfect verbs. – Chapter 13 is strong

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Chapter 13 (Qal Perfect Strong Verbs): Goals

Know how to parse and translate Qal perfect verbs.

– Chapter 13 is strong verbs

– Chapter 14 is weak verbs

Memorize the Qal Perfect strong verb paradigm sheet.

– You won’t have to write Hebrew outside of class, but

you need to know the details of this paradigm in

order to recognize weak verbs and non-Qal verbs.

– Quizzes will repeatedly ask you to write the whole

paradigm or particular forms from the paradigm.

“Write קטל in the Qal Perfect 3cp”

– Accents are a required part of the paradigm.

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Chapter 13 (Qal Perfect Strong Verbs): Agenda

Meaning and Parsing

Principles of Verb Spelling

Paradigm

– Perfect Sufformatives

– Writing the Qal Perfect

Practice Qal Perfect Strong Verbs

Deviations from the Paradigm

– נ3 and 3ת verbs

– Stative verbs

Practice Parsing 3ת3 ,נ, and Stative verbs

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The Qal is Simple Action, Active Voice13-3

Active Passive Reflexive

Simple

Action

Qal (Q)

“He saw”

“He is holy”

Niphal (N)

“He appeared” =

“He was seen”

Niphal (N)

“He saw

himself”

Cause

a state

(?)

Piel (D)

“He caused it

to be holy”

Pual (Dp)

“It was caused

to be holy”

Hithpael (Ht)

“He caused

himself to be

holy”

Cause

an action

Hiphil (H)

“He caused them

to see it”

Hophal (Hp)

“It was caused

to be seen”

Derived Stem = Every stem except for the Qal


Translating the Perfect

English past: She studied

English present: She is wise (state of being)

She knows (verb of perception)

She loves (verb of attitude)

English past: She was wise (state of being)

English present perfect: She has studied

English past perfect: She had studied

English future perfect: She will have studied

The Hebrew Perfect describes an action or state

as a whole rather than as a process.

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The Perfect is a Finite Verb

<Root> Qal Perfect <person> <gender> <number>

– QP3ms = Qal Perfect 3rd person Masculine Singular

– QP1cp = Qal Perfect 1st person Common Plural

Finite Verbs

– Verbs with ‘Person’ (1st, 2nd, 3rd)

– Perfect, Imperfect, Imperative, Jussive, Cohortative

Not finite verbs

– Infinitive Construct

– Infinitive Absolute

– Participle

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Meaning and Parsing


Paradigm






– Stative verbs


13-6


Stem Vowel = VS is V2 for Most Verbs

V2 is VS for most verbs. לט ק VS = = A

If R2 is a vowel letter, V1 is VS םקו . VS ו = = Û

– Even if that vowel letter disappears םק . VS = = Ā

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Stem Vowel is Accented in Finite Verbs (Usually)

לט ק לת ט ק , לתט ק , יט ק , לת לנוט ק ,

Accent after VS if:

1. VS is Shewa or a Hatef Vowel ( )

QP3fs הטק ל QP3cp וטק ל 2. The verb has a heavy sufformative

QP2mp םלת ט ק QP2fp ןלת ט ק3. The verb has a pronominal suffix

QI1cs+2ms יט ק ךלת 4. VS is not in the last two syllables

םקו . QI2fp ינ הותק מ

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Shewa Before Finite Verb Sufformatives

ל ט ,ק הטק ל ט , ת לק ט , תלק ט , ילק ת ,

וטק ל םת לקט , ןת לקט , ט , נולק

No Shewa if the Shewa would go where there is:

1. An unchangeable long vowel

ק מווי י יש מ ואוב ב ית נ הנ ב ינ ינ ת

2. V1 of the Qal Perfect

מוק הש מ 3. א3 א3] . quiesces]

צ ת אמ קר נ האת

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Meaning and Parsing


Paradigm






– Stative verbs


13-10


Perfect Sufformatives (All Stems)

Are Similar to Pronominal Suffixes

Pronominal Suffix Perfect Sufformative Comment

3MS ו3FS ה ה Same except Mappiq

2MS ך ת כ Both have .ת2FS ך ת כ Both have .ת1CS י י ת Both have י 3MP ם ה ו3FP ן ה ו2MP ם כ ם ת כ ם Both have .ת 2FP ן כ ן ת כ ן Both have .ת 1CP נו נו Same

Verb has ת where Pronoun has כ

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◌ ◌

ה ◌

ת ◌

ת ◌

י ◌ ת

ו◌ ◌

ת ◌ ם

ת ◌ ן

נו ◌

◌◌◌ are R1R2R3

Work back to front.

1. Write the sufformatives.

2. Put Shewa ( ) before the sufformatives.

3. Add Dagesh Lene in ת after the Shewa.

4. VS is Pathach ( )

unless put Shewa there in step #2.

5. Accent VS except accent next syllable if

5a) Shewa in step #2 replaced VS

5b) Heavy sufformative (2mp and 2fp)

6. V1 is Qamets ( ) except

reduced if heavy sufformative (2fp/2mp).

7. Put Metheg in Qamets when followed by Shewa

to indicate it is Qamets, not Qamets Hatuf.

◌◌◌

◌◌◌

◌◌◌

◌◌◌

◌◌◌

◌◌◌

◌◌◌

◌◌◌

◌◌◌

◌◌◌

ה ◌◌

ת ◌◌◌

ת◌◌◌

י◌◌◌ ת

ו◌◌◌

םת ◌◌◌

ןת ◌◌◌

נו◌◌◌

◌◌◌

ה ◌

ת ◌◌

ת ◌◌

י ◌◌ ת

ו◌ ◌

םת ◌◌

ןת ◌◌

נו ◌◌

◌◌◌

ה ◌

ת ◌◌

ת ◌◌

ית ◌◌

ו◌ ◌

םת ◌◌

ןת ◌◌

נו ◌◌

Perfect

3MS

3FS

2MS

2FS

1CS

3CP

2MP

2FP

1CP

◌ ◌

ה ◌

ת ◌

ת ◌

י ◌ ת

ו ◌

◌ םת

◌ ןת

נו ◌

◌

ה

ת

ת

י ת

ו

ת ם

ת ן

נו

ה

ת

ת

י ת

ו

ת ם

ת ן

נו

Writing the Qal Perfect 13-12

◌

ה

ת

ת

י ת

ו

ת ם

ת ן

נו


Memorize the Qal Perfect Strong Verb Paradigm

The paradigm practice sheet is on the website in the row

for chapter 13.

– Print a couple copies.

Memorize the paradigm.

– Use the procedure on page 3 of the syllabus.

– Don’t continue this lecture until you have been able

to write out the paradigm once correctly.

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Meaning and Parsing


Paradigm






– Stative verbs


13-14

J Beckman 30 June 2007 Copy Freely. HebrewSyntax.org

Practice Inflecting Qal Perfect Strong Verbs

ו◌ + = ו נ פל they fell

נו + = רנו מ ש we guarded

+ ◌ = ד ק פ he appointed

ת + = רת ז כ you (ms) remembered

ן + ת = ן בת כת you (fp) wrote

ה + = ה כד ל she seized

ת + = לת ט ק you (fs) killed

י + ת = י בת י ש I dwelt

ם + ת = ם שת יר you (mp) possessed

1. QP3cp נפל2. QP1cp שמר3. QP3ms פקד4. QP2ms זכר5. QP2fp כתב6. QP3fs לכד7. QP2fs קטל8. QP1cs ישב9. QP2mp ירש

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Qal Perfect Parsing Practice (1/2) – Strong Verbs

1. ה י לד 2. ה טל ק 3. ם לת קט 4. ו דפ ר 5. ו טל ק 6. לנו ט ק 7. ם רת שמ 8. רת ז כ 9. י צת ב ק 10. ן לת קט

ילד QP3fs She bore

קטל QP3fs She killed

קטל QP2mp You (mp) killed

ףרד QP3cp They pursued

קטל QP3cp They killed

קטל QP1cp We killed

שמר QP2mp You (mp) guarded

זכר QP2ms You (ms) remembered

ץקב QP1cs I gathered

קטל QP2fp You (fp) killed

13-16


Qal Perfect Parsing Practice (2/2) – Strong Verbs

11. רת ז כ 12. רנו ז כ 13. ת ל ט ק 14. י לת ט ק 15. ב ת כ 16. ל ט ק 17. לת ט ק 18. רנו מ ש 19. ן בת יש

זכר QP2fs You (fs) remembered

זכר QP1cp We remembered

קטל QP2fs You (fs) killed

קטל QP1cs I killed

כתב QP3ms He wrote

קטל QP3ms He killed

קטל QP2ms You (ms) killed

שמר QP1cp We guarded

ישב QP2fp You (fp) sat

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Meaning and Parsing


Paradigm






– Stative verbs


13-18


ת and נ with Silent Shewa Assimilate to Dagesh

Perfect Strong ת3 נ33MS ◌ ל ט ק ת ר כ ןנ ת 3FS ה הק טל הכ רת התנ נ 2MS ת לת ט ק ← ר ת כ * ר ת תכ ת ת נ ← * ת ת ננ 2FS ת לת ט ק ← ר תכ * ר תתכ תת נ ← * ת תננ 1CS י ת י לת ט ק ← ר יכ ת * ר יתכ ת ית נ ← ת * ת יננ ת3CP ו וק טל וכ רת ותנ נ 2MP ם ת לת םקט םת כר ← * םת תכר םת נת ← * םת ננת 2FP ן ת לת ןקט ןת כר ← * ןת תכר ןת נת ← * ןת ננת 1CP נו לנו ט ק תנו כר נות נ ← * ת נוננ

ת assimilates to ת only. נ assimilates to anything.

13-19


נתן13-20 is a Common 3נ Verb (‘to give’)

נ3 assimilates to ת and נ– Lose R3

– Gain Dagesh Forte

– 2fs needs an accent because

it adds a syllable

(Shewa is always vocal under

a Dagesh Forte)

ן נ ת Strong

3ms ן נ ת ל ט ק

3fs נ תנ ה ה טל ק

2ms ת ת נ לת ט ק

2fs ת תנ לת ט ק

1cs ת ינ ת י לת ט ק

3cp ו נ תנ ו טל ק

2mp םנת ת ם לת קט

2fp ןנת ת ן לת קט

1cp ת נונ לנו ט ק


Stative Verbs May Have a Different VS

Strong Pathach Stative Tsere Stative Holem Stative

3MS ל ט ק ל ג ד דב כ לכ י 3FS הק טל הג דל הכ בד ה י כל 2MS לת ט ק לת ג ד דת ב כ רת ג י 2FS לת ט ק לת ג ד דת ב כ 1CS י לת ט ק י לת ג ד י דת ב כ יט ק נת3CP וק טל וג דל וכ בד ו י כל 2MP לת םקט לת םגד דת םכב 2FP לת ןקט לת ןגד דת ןכב 1CP לנו ט ק לנו ג ד דנו ב כ

13-21

Pathach Stative has a different VS in the Imperfect.



Meaning and Parsing


Paradigm






– Stative verbs


13-22


Qal Perfect Parsing Practice (1/2) – and Stative ,ת3 ,נ3

1. ד ב כ 2. ת נ ת 3. ם ת כר 4. ת נ ת 5. ו רת כ 6. ם ת נת 7. ו נ תנ 8. תנו ר כ 9. ב ע ר 10. ת ר כ 11. א ל מ

כבד QP3ms He is heavy

ןנת QP2fs You (fs) gave

כרת QP2mp You (mp) cut

ןנת QP2ms You (ms) gave

כרת QP3cp They cut

ןנת QP2mp You (mp) gave

ןנת QP3cp They gave

כרת QP1cp We cut

בער QP3ms He is hungry

כרת QP2ms You (ms) cut

אמל QP3ms He is full

13-23


Qal Perfect Parsing Practice (2/2) – and Stative ,ת3 ,נ3

12. י נת ט ק 13. י ת נ ת 14. ן ת כר 15. א מ ט 16. ה רת כ 17. ן נ ת 18. ת ר כ 19. ן ת נת 20. נ תנ ה21. י ת ר כ 22. נו נ ת

ןקט QP1cs I am small

ןנת QP1cs I gave

כרת QP2fp You (fp) cut

אטמ QP3ms He is unclean

כרת QP3fs She cut

ןנת QP3ms He gave

כרת QP2fs You (fs) cut

ןנת QP2fp You (fp) gave

ןנת QP3fs She gave

כרת QP1cs I cut

ןנת QP1cp We gave

13-24

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Chapter 13 Qal Perfect Strong Verbs - hebrewsyntax.org · Chapter 13 (Qal Perfect Strong Verbs): Goals Know how to parse and translate Qal perfect verbs. – Chapter 13 is strong