Chapter 13 Section 2

Johann Gutenberg

1455, in Mainz, Germany, printed the first complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with movable type

Transformed Europe

A Revolution in Printing

Before the printing press:

1. A few thousand books throughout Europe

2. All books were hand written

3. Books were expensive

After the printing press:

1. By 1500, 20 million books had been printed

2. Books were cheaper

3. Books were readily available

4. More people learned to read

5. New Knowledge

The Renaissance moves North

Began in the region of Flanders(France, Belgium, Netherlands)

Flanders was a thriving center of trade for Northern Europe

From Flanders, the Renaissance spread to Spain, France, Germany, and England

Jan van Eyck One of the most important Flemish painters Used rich, realistic detail in his works

Portrait of GiovanniArnolfini and His Wife

Flemish PaintersPieter Bruegel- used vibrant colors to portray peasant

scenes “Peasant Bruegel”

Addressed religious and classical themes

Peter Paul Rubens- blended Flemish painting and Italian

painting techniques

Scholar and humanist; wide knowledge base

“Leonardo of the North”

Albrecht Dürer- traveled to Italy to study Italian masters Took these ideas and spread Renaissance techniques to

Northern Europe He applied his new knowledge of painting techniques to

engraving Engraving- etching a design on to a metal plate with acid

Dürer’s nature paintings

What other artist was interested in nature?

Dürer self-portrait

Vernacular

Renaissance writers still wrote in Latin, however, many writers began writing in the vernacular

Vernacular- everyday language of the people

How does the vernacular revolutionize reading and writing?

Desiderius Erasmus Important scholar of his time Used his knowledge of classical language to produce a

Greek edition of the Bible Helped spread Renaissance humanism Wanted the Bible translated into the vernacular so it

was available to everyone, he wanted to be able to read the bible

Believed that people should show good will to one another.

Called for reforms of the church

Sir Thomas More Pressed for social reform Wrote Utopia His book described an ideal society where men

and women lived in peace and harmony Utopian- any ideal society ( with the

implication that such a society is ultimately impractical)

François Rabelais

Monk, physician, Greek scholar, author, French Humanist

Wrote Garantua and Pantagruel

About the adventures of 2 gentle giants

On the surface was a funny tale, but it also tackled serious subjects such as religion and education

Rabelais was deeply religious, but had doubts about the organized church

William Shakespeare

English poet and playwright His genius was in expressing universal themes

in everyday, realistic settings He is responsible for the creation of over 1700

new words Wrote 37 plays that are still performed today

Shakespeare continued…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geev441vbMI

academe accused addiction advertising amazement

arouse assassination backing bandit bedroom

beached besmirch birthplace blanket bloodstained

barefaced blushing bet bump buzzer

caked cater champion circumstantialcold-blooded

compromise courtship countless critic dauntless

dawn deafening discontent dishearten drugged

dwindle epileptic equivocal elbow excitement

exposure eyeball fashionable fixture flawed

frugal generous gloomy gossip green-eyed worthless zany gnarled grovel

gust hint hobnob hurried impede

impartial invulnerable jaded label lackluster

laughable lonely lower luggage lustrous

madcap majestic marketable metamorphize mimic

monumental moonbeam mountaineer negotiate noiseless

obscene obsequiously ode olympian outbreak

panders pedantpremeditated puking radiance

rant remorseless savagery scuffle secure

skim milk submerge summit swagger torture

tranquil undress unreal varied vaulting