Chapter 14Chapter 14

Prevention and Corrections in Prevention and Corrections in the Community the Community

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System FailureSystem Failure

RecidivismRecidivism – The tendency to return to – The tendency to return to a previous pattern of behavior (return to a previous pattern of behavior (return to criminal habits)criminal habits) 2/3 are rearrested within 3 years2/3 are rearrested within 3 years

Why?Why? Return to same neighborhoodReturn to same neighborhood Quickly fall back to same lifestyleQuickly fall back to same lifestyle Poverty/inner-cityPoverty/inner-city UnemploymentUnemployment

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Social problems caused by Social problems caused by releasing unprepared inmates:releasing unprepared inmates: Increased child abuseIncreased child abuse Family violenceFamily violence Infectious diseasesInfectious diseases HomelessnessHomelessness Community disorganizationCommunity disorganization

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Concern for Community SafetyConcern for Community Safety Community-based correctionsCommunity-based corrections: prevention : prevention

and treatment programs to promote and treatment programs to promote successful transition from prison to the successful transition from prison to the communitycommunity

Alternatives to incarceration Alternatives to incarceration (boot camps, (boot camps, electronic monitoring)electronic monitoring)

FurloughFurlough – unsupervised temporary release – unsupervised temporary release to promote successful reentry has led to crimeto promote successful reentry has led to crime

Intermediate SanctionsIntermediate Sanctions – restrict freedom – restrict freedom without prisonwithout prison

Problem = NIMBYProblem = NIMBY (not in my backyard) (not in my backyard)

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Intensive Probation SupervisionIntensive Probation Supervision

Smaller caseloadsSmaller caseloads Emphasis on compliance with the Emphasis on compliance with the

conditions of probationconditions of probation Supervised by a teamSupervised by a team Meet dailyMeet daily Home visitationHome visitation *More effective than regular, BUT *More effective than regular, BUT

time intensive and less guidance time intensive and less guidance more enforcementmore enforcement

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Split Sentencing/Shock ProbationSplit Sentencing/Shock Probation

After brief incarceration, offender is After brief incarceration, offender is offered probation (typical 30 days)offered probation (typical 30 days)

To “shock” first time offendersTo “shock” first time offenders Focus on exposure to the Focus on exposure to the

consequences of behaviorconsequences of behavior Must submit a “plan” to parole boardMust submit a “plan” to parole board *Effective due to seeing the realities *Effective due to seeing the realities

of prison – many changeof prison – many change

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Shock Incarceration/Boot CampShock Incarceration/Boot Camp

Military styleMilitary style Physical fitness and disciplinePhysical fitness and discipline EducationEducation Community serviceCommunity service *Can be effective but rigorous – *Can be effective but rigorous –

many do not make it through (return many do not make it through (return to prison)to prison)

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Home Confinement/Electronic Home Confinement/Electronic MonitoringMonitoring

Confined to home with an electronic Confined to home with an electronic braceletbracelet

Ensures complianceEnsures compliance Schedule responsibilitiesSchedule responsibilities Reduces prison populationReduces prison population Saves moneySaves money Fosters rehabilitationFosters rehabilitation Dangerous offenders could still Dangerous offenders could still

commit crimecommit crime Some ethical concernsSome ethical concerns

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Transition ProgramsTransition Programs

Work ReleaseWork Release: can help overcome : can help overcome obstacles to employmentobstacles to employment

Education ReleaseEducation Release: less likely to : less likely to commit new crimescommit new crimes

Half-way housesHalf-way houses: inmates move : inmates move from prison to the community in stepsfrom prison to the community in steps

Day Reporting CentersDay Reporting Centers: closely : closely supervised release supervised release

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Reentry Programs for Drug Reentry Programs for Drug OffendersOffenders

83% men, 41% women arrested 83% men, 41% women arrested under the influenceunder the influence

Most crime committed to get $ for Most crime committed to get $ for drugsdrugs

Drug CourtsDrug Courts: approach aimed at : approach aimed at breaking the cycle of drug use and breaking the cycle of drug use and crimecrime

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Treatment servicesTreatment services Intensive supervisionIntensive supervision Early identificationEarly identification Access to many rehabilitation Access to many rehabilitation

programsprograms Education (diploma, GED)Education (diploma, GED) Community sponsorsCommunity sponsors Frequent drug testingFrequent drug testing Significant reduction in recidivismSignificant reduction in recidivism

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Combination ProgramsCombination Programs

Intensive supervision + therapeutic Intensive supervision + therapeutic drug treatment = effectivedrug treatment = effective

Can reduce recidivism by 50%Can reduce recidivism by 50% Lower cost to societyLower cost to society

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