Chapter 14 Section 3 Oligarchy in Sparta

Chapter 14Section 3Oligarchy in Sparta

Anticipatory SetHow would you compare the United States to Australia?U.S. has a democracy and Australia had a monarchyU.S. has a president and Australia has a QueenU.S. President is in Washington D.C. and the Queen is in the United KingdomThere are many differences between countries. We will find out the differenceStandardsH-SS 6.4.6Compare and contrast life in Athens and Sparta, with emphasis on their roles in the Persian and PeloponnesianELA Reading 6.2.2Analyze text that uses the compare-and-contrast organized pattern.ObjectivesStudents will learn that Sparta created an oligarchy with a strong military foundation. They will also know that the Spartans were highly disciplined and fearful of change.

Language of the DisciplineEphorMilitary stateBarracksThucydides

The Spartan State (Input)Sparta was a city-state on the Peloponnesian Peninsula.Unlike Athenians, Spartans had little interest in trade and commerce.Sparta was inland and was never a sea power.It also did not become a democracy

The Spartan State (Input)

Spartan Government (Input)At the head of the Spartan government sat 2 kings who descended from the 2 oldest clans in Spartan society.The kings headed Spartas main government body called the council of elders.They served as military leaders.The council of elders contained 28 men over the age of 60.Members were elected for life.

Spartan Government Continued (Input)Spartan played little part in politics.Sparta had an assembly made up of all free adult males, but it was smaller than Athens.Only 9,000 citizens sat on the Spartan assembly, whereas 43,000 citizens belonged to the Athenian assembly.The Spartan assembly has far less power than the AthenianIt could pass laws but only with the councils approvalIt did have the power to elect 5 officials known as ephors.

Spartan Government Continued (Input)An ephor is an official who worked as a government watchdog.They made sure kings and the council did their jobs within the limits of Spartan lawThey could even remove a king who broke the lawAn ephor could only serve 1 year.

Spartan Conquests (Input)Athens turned to trade to solve population problems where as Sparta turned to conquestAfter conquering a region, Spartans took over farmland to raise food for themselvesIn the region on Messenia, Spartans took an more extreme approachThey forced the population to become agricultural slaves called helots.They belonged to Sparta as a whole instead of to one personThey were forced to farm the landAs a result citizens lived comfortable lives without having to work for a living

Spartan Conquests (Input)

Helot Revolts (Input)The helots had no legal rightsThey worked hard and received little in return (barely enough to survive)The helots launched violent revolts against the Spartans but were not successful, however the Spartans still feared unrestThe Spartans had a choice to make, they could give up control of the helots and the food they produced or they could strengthen their control by turning Sparta into a military state.

Helot Revolts (Input)A military state is a state that is organized primarily for the purpose of waging warThe Spartans chose a second option; every year they declared war on the helotsThis gave Spartans the right to kill any helot without fear of punishmentSpartans formed a secret police force to watch over the helotsThe helots were forced to wear dog-skin caps to mark their low statusHelots who protested might get beaten or have a harsher punishment

A Disciplined Society (Input)Spartans believed in the rule of law and military disciplineThey organized their society along military linesTheir society had no place for the arts, literature, or luxury goodsSpartan means highly disciplined or lacking in comfort

Spartan Education (Input)Spartan males trained for the military at a young ageAt 7 they were sent to school at state expenseThey loved in barracks with other boys also known as military housingSpartan boys did not receive a well-rounded educationThey spent most of their time exercising, hunting, and training with weapons.They were not taught to think for themselves but to obey orders

Spartan Education (Input)

Spartan Education Continued (Input)Students were not given enough to eat so that they would learn to steal food while marching as soldiersTo be caught stealing led to punishment an disgraceA famous Spartan story was told of a boy who stole a fox and hid it in his clothing when he was caught. Instead of confessing her kept the fox and it clawed him to deathAt 18 young men began a 2 year program to be a part of the phalanxDuring this time they could marry but spent little time with their wivesAfter graduating they lived in the barracks

Equals and Inferiors (Input)At age 30 men left the armyIn order to become citizens they had to gain entry to a mens club of former soldiersIf they failed they became inferiors or outcastsFormer soldiers is passed became equals who received full citizen rightsThis included membership in the assembly and a piece of land worked by helotsAt age 60 an equal became a candidate for election to the council of elders

Spartan Women (Input)Women were expected to be strong and vigorousThey had to stay fit to have healthy babies who would make good soldiersSickly babies were not accepted into society and left on hillsides to dieSpartan women had a good deal of freedom and responsibilityWives took control of the household while men were in the militaryThey raised children under the Spartan valuesThey obtained rights that other women in Greece did not

Spartan Women (Input)

Fear of Change (Input)Discipline helped create a strong and powerful armySpartans feared changeThey valued people who fit inIndividual talents were not as important as membership in a groupAthenians on the other valued expression and new ideasThey were open to changeTheir democracy evolved over timeThese differences led to Thucydides describing Athenians as addicted to innovation and the Spartans having genius for keeping what you have got

Compare and Contrast (Modeling) Reading Comprehension 6.2.2Analyze text that uses compare-and-contrast organizational pattern.

Compare and Contrast Review (Modeling)If you compare two things, you tell how they are alike.If you contrast two things, you tell how they are different.If you compare and contrast two things you tell how they are alike and how they are different.They are many strategies you can use to compare and contrast two things.Compare and Contrast (Modeling)DirectionsIn your notes, lets create a Venn Diagram that compares and contrasts Athens versus Sparta

Check for UnderstandingPlease determine the BEST answer for the following question.Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teachers signal. On the teachers signal, hold up your white boards.

Checking for Understanding #1Fill in the blank_______________ was an official who worked as a government watchdog.ephor

Checking for Understanding #2Answer the following question.While Athenian society focused on democracy. Spartan society focused on what?Military mightChecking for Understanding #3Answer the following question.Which responsibilities did Spartan women have?Running the household and raising the childrenGuided Practice/Independent PracticeGuided PracticeComplete questions 1 - 3 on the reading comprehension worksheet.Raise your hand and wait to get stamped.If you received an R go to the back table with Ms. Graham.Independent PracticeOnce you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 4 and 5 on the reading comprehension worksheet.HomeworkNote-taking guide on the reverse side.BonanzaVarious ArtistsTV Theme SongsiTunes 10.6.3Card SharksVarious ArtistsTV Theme SongsiTunes 10.6.3