CHAPTER 15:MODERN EUROPEAN

HISTORY

Standards• SS6CG5 The student will explain the structure of modern

European governments. • a. Compare the parliamentary system of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), the federal system of the Federal Republic of Germany (Germany), and the federation of the Russian Federation (Russia), distinguishing the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms.

• b. Describe the purpose of the European Union and the relationship between member nations.

• SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century. • a. Describe major developments following World War I: the Russian Revolution, the

Treaty of Versailles, worldwide depression, and the rise of Nazism. • b. Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the Holocaust, the origins of the Cold War,

and the rise of Superpowers. • c. Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Cold War and

German reunification.

WORLD WAR ISection 1

Section Vocabulary

• nationalism (p. 376)• alliance (p. 377)• trench warfare (p. 378)• Treaty of Versailles (p. 379)

The Outbreak of War• Nationalism is devotion and loyalty to one’s country.• Many countries were willing to go to war to prove their superiority.

• Competition for: land, power, resources• Great Britain and Germany competed (to have strongest navy)

• Alliances, or agreements between countries, developed and divided Europe

Triple Alliance(also known as Central Powers)

• Italy• Germany• Austria-Hungary

Triple Entente(also known as Allied Powers)

• France• Great Britain• Russia

• In June of 1914, a man from Serbia assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary).

• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

• Serbia turned to Russia for help.

• European countries honored their alliances

=WAR

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

War and Victory• There would be no “quick victory.” (4+ years)

• Trench Warfare: a style of fighting in which each side fights from deep ditches (trenches) dug into the ground.

• Soldiers faced cold, hunger, and disease. Trench Warfare

• Deadly new weapons:• Poison gas• The tank• German submarines called U-

Boats• Machine guns

• The United States got involved in 1917.

• In the fall of 1918 Allied powers won

• Much of Europe was destroyed & 16 million deaths

Tanks (above)U-Boat (below)

The War’s End• After the war, the Allied Powers met in Paris – they determined the terms of a treaty.

• TREATY OF VERSAILLES: the final peace settlement of World War I• Because they lost, the Germans had to:

• Accept blame for starting it• Reduce its army• Give up overseas colonies• Pay billions of dollars for repairs

Allied Leaders

AS A RESULT OF WAR…• Many borders of European countries changed.

• A revolution occurred in Russia – war caused too many hardships.

• Vladimir Lenin took over Russia’s government – became a communist country.

Vladimir Lenin

HOMEWORK:

•Read pgs. 376-380•#1-3 on pg. 380

•FULL, complete sentences required!