Chapter 15Personal Care andConsumer Choices

Lesson 3Using Medicines Wisely

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Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.

medicinesDrugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases and other conditions

Medicines that can be sold only with a written order from a physician or nurse practitioner

prescriptionmedicines

Medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a written order from a physician

over-the-counter(OTC) medicines

vaccine A medicine that prevents a disease from developing

Medicines that reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body

antibiotics

Any effect of a medicine other than the one intended side effect

In this lesson, you will learn to

identify types of medicines.

explain ways medicines are taken into the body.

describe factors that determine how medicines affect the body.

Classifying

Make a chart of the kinds of medicines mentioned in the lesson.

Medicines

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), sets standards for the safety and effectiveness of medicines.

medicines Drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases and other conditions

Prescription and Nonprescription Medicines

The FDA requires standard information to appear on the labels of prescription medicines.

prescription medicines Medicines that can be sold only with a written order from a physician or nurse practitioner

Prescription and Nonprescription Medicines

Prescription label information includes instructions on how much medication to take, how often to take it, and how long to continue taking the medicine.

Prescription and Nonprescription Medicines

Nonprescription medicines are also called over-the-counter (OTC) medicines.

over-the-counter (OTC) medicines Medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a written order from a physician

Even OTC medicines can be harmful if used incorrectly.

Types of Medicines

Types of Medicines

Medicines to preventdiseases

Medicines to preventdiseases

Medicines to fightinfection

Medicines to fightinfection

Medicines torelieve pain

Medicines torelieve pain

Medicines to Prevent Diseases

vaccine A medication that prevents a disease from developing

Vaccines are made from dead or weakened germs that cause the immune system to produce antibodies.

Medicines to Fight Infection

antibiotics Medicines that reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body

Antibiotics are used to treat infection.

Each type of antibiotic fights specific strains of bacteria.

Medicines to Relieve Pain

Pain relievers block or lessen pain signals sent through the nervous system.

How Medicines Enter the Body

Ingestion

Pill, tablet, capsule, or liquid is swallowed.

Pill, tablet, capsule, or liquid is swallowed.

Medicine moves through the stomach and small intestine.

Medicine moves through the stomach and small intestine.

Medicine enters the bloodstream and

circulates throughout the body.

Medicine enters the bloodstream and

circulates throughout the body.

How Medicines Enter the Body

Injection

Medicine is injectedthrough the skin.

Medicine is injectedthrough the skin.

Medicine immediately enters the

bloodstream.

Medicine immediately enters the

bloodstream.

How Medicines Enter the Body

Inhalation

Medicine is inhaled as a mist or fine powder.Medicine is inhaled as a mist or fine powder.

Medicine enters the lungs and the bloodstream.

Medicine enters the lungs and the bloodstream.

How Medicines Enter the Body

Creams and ointments are applied topically to the skin.

Skin patches that release medicine over time are a fairly new delivery method.

Medicine in the Body

Factors that determine how a medicine affects the body include:

The type of medicine

The amount of medicine taken

An individual’s chemical make-up

An individual’s age, gender, and body size

Medicine in the Body

Typical side effects to medicines include headache, upset stomach, and drowsiness.

side effect Any effect of a medicine other than the one intended

Any unexpected or unwanted reaction to a medicine should be reported to your doctor or pharmacist.

Risks of Medicines

When tolerance to a medicine builds up, the medicine may lose its effectiveness.

Risks of Medicines

Bacteria can build up resistance to an antibiotic if the antibiotic is overused.

Bacteria can also build up resistance to an antibiotic if the medication is not taken as prescribed.

Risks of Medicines

Taking two or more medicines at once can have dangerous effects.

Always let your doctor and pharmacist know what other medicines you are taking before starting a new medicine.

What I Learned

Vocabulary What type of medicine prevents a disease from developing?

Lesson 3 Review

What I Learned

List Name two ways medicines are taken into the body.

Lesson 3 Review

What I Learned

Describe What factors determine a medicine’s effect on the body?

Lesson 3 Review

Thinking Critically

Analyze A friend of yours on the football team wants an energy burst before a game. He wants to take a handful of vitamins. When you express concern, he says, “They’re over-the-counter vitamins.” Respond to this comment.

Lesson 3 Review

Thinking Critically

Hypothesize Laura’s doctor has prescribed a medicine to treat a case of poison ivy. She also regularly takes medicine because she has trouble concentrating. Should Laura tell her doctor what medicine she is already taking? Why or why not?

Lesson 3 Review

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Chapter 15Personal Care andConsumer Choices

Lesson 3Using Medicines Wisely

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