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Chapter 16Document and Voice
Examination
Document Examination
Document Analysis
Document Analysis
Erasers
Ink used
HandwrittingPaper Used
Document Analysis
Erasers
Ink used
HandwrittingPaper Used
Document Analysis
Erasers
Ink used
HandwrittingPaper Used
DO NOW; When you look at a document
what is included?
Document Analysis
Erasers
Ink used
HandwrittingPaper Used
Document Analysis
Erasers
Ink used
HandwrittingPaper Used
Handwriting
1. Handwriting
a. The form of the handwriting• such as the shapes of the letters and their slant,
angles, connections, curves and The line quality, • the thickness of the line as a result of the type
of writing instrument used • the pressure exerted while writing
b. The arrangement on the page, • including spacing, alignment, formatting, and
unique punctuation c. The content,
• including the spelling, phrasing, punctuation, and grammar
Addition analysis of handwriting
2. Paper used. • what the paper is made of • what additives have been used
*whether watermarks are present*whether surface treatments
– heat or resins, have been used.
• By analyzing the paper, scientists can often tell how old a document is.
3. Analyze the ink • to help figure out what kind of pen was
used to write the document
When analyzing a document also look for?
• Alterations of Documentation– Overwriting– Erasures or crossing out– Indented writings
• Latent Fingerprints, fibers, watermarks, DNA, Ink
Handwritten documents famous cases
Forgery • Clifford Irving’s
– claiming to be Howard Hughes in his autobiography
• Frank Abagnale Jr, infamous check forger
Ransom + Suicide notes: • Charles Lindbergh, Jr., March 1932 Kidnapping
• Jonbenet Ramsey, questionable ransom note
• Kurt Cobain, questionable suicide note
Do Now:
Analyze this document and highlight any
“General” inconsistencies.
Hint: Why do authors write notes?
Do Now: Answers
truthful or
Deceptive
So what do you need
Hint: Why do authors write notes?
Standards or Exemplars
Using the Document Analysis Teams from this
week: • Identify 10 out of a possible 14
basic characteristics for comparing handwriting.
– On the data sheet provide the line number and the example. (yes you may provide more then one example.
– Be prepared to publically support your analysis.
Character revelations from the handwriting:
Using three to four sentences tell me about your favorite:_____
Handwriting Analysis vs. Statement Analysis?
Statement Analysis is the process of examining a person's words to determine exactly what the person is saying.
This includes determining: – if the person is being truthful or deceptive, – discovering additional information within the
statement– seeing if the person is withholding any information.
Statement Analysis is based on three things:
1. Definitions2. Grammar3. Research
If these characters matched why wouldn’t Karr be behind
bars?
http://www.statementanalysis.com/language/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/9727904/detail.html
Character revelations from the handwriting:
·
• Great attention to detail: close i-dots • Low self-esteem: low t-bar crossing • Emotionally distant: all printing and vertical
slant • In pain: Compressed words• In a hurry: printing and frequent pen lifts • Sexual frustration: incomplete lower loops • Domineering/ excessive need for control:
downward t-bars
• Provided by: http://www.myhandwriting.com/celebs/ransom1.html
http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/9727904/detail.html
http://www.statementanalysis.com/language/
http://www.statementanalysis.com/ramseynote/
Jonbenet Ramsey, ransom note
Check Forgery
• Compare your exemplars to the questioned document/check.
• Use the natural variations to:– Make a list of top three suspects– Identify which individual is the Forger.
Seven Steps to minimize “conscious” writing effort.
1. Writer should be allowed to write sitting comfortably at a desk or a table w/o distractions
2. The suspect should not under any conditions be shown the questioned document or be provided with instructions on how to spell certain words or what punctuation to use.
Seven Steps to minimize “conscious” writing effort.
3. The suspect should be furnished a pen and paper similar to those used in the questioned document.
4. Dictated test should be the same as the content of the questioned document.
• Same words• Phrases• Letter combinations• NO indication of casing• 1 page minimum
Seven Steps to minimize “conscious” writing effort.
5. Dictation of the text should take place at least three times. (for Disguised writing)
Noticeable variations will show up in the three.
• If So!! Investigators MUST insist upon continued repetitive dictation of text
Seven Steps to minimize “conscious” writing effort.
6. Signature exemplars can be obtained when the suspect is required to combine other writings with a signature.
– Instead of compiling a set of signatures the writer might be asked to fill out completely 20-30 separate checks or receipts, each with a signature.
Seven Steps to minimize “conscious” writing effort.
7. Before requested exemplars are taken from the subject, a document examiner should be consulted and shown the QUESTIONED SPECIMENS
D-END