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Chapter 16
The Future Landscape of Corrections
1
Dealing with Change
Correctional administrators have little control over sentencing policy, costs, and the failure of crime control
What takes places in community corrections and prison, however, is their responsibility
Looking for humane and respectful treatment of offenders as they prepare for reentry
2
Dealing With Terrorism
Terrorism is a growing concern as facilities deal with an influx of inmates from military facilities
Terrorism is the premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets
Can include those who seek to achieve economic or social change
3
Terrorists in Prison Ability for terrorist inmates to communicate
freely with the outside world Effective monitoring of high-risk inmates
verbal communications, which include telephone calls, visits with family and friends, and cellblock conversations
Special Administrative Measures (SAMs)
Terrorists in Prison
Using torture Most people abhor torture, while others subscribe
to a “ticking bomb scenario” Dershowitz recommends implementing a “torture
warrant” The waterboarding controversy
Technocorrections: Maintaining Correctional Populations Technology-driven security to supplement staff
monitoring of correctional populations and increased efficiency in most stages of inmate management
6
Technocorrections: Maintaining Correctional Populations Information technology (IT) now used in:
Reception and commitment Sentence and time accounting Classification Caseload management Security Discipline Housing-bed management Medical
Technocorrections: Maintaining Correctional Populations Information technology (IT) now used in:
Grievances Programs Scheduling Investigations/gang management Property Trust accounting Visitation Release and discharge Community supervision
Technocorrections in the Community Community corrections has used technology such
as electronic monitoring (EM) for some time New tools to deal with large caseloads include
Sleep pattern analysis Infrared spectroscopy Driver monitoring Surveillance
9
Technocorrections in Secure Facilities Widely used in jails such as through automated
fingerprint identification system (AFIS), retinal scanning, and barcode and photo embedded inmate wristbands to track inmate movement
Ground-penetrating radar, heartbeat monitoring, nonlethal electrified fences, backscatter imaging, body-scanning, transmitter wristbands, personal health status monitor, All-in-One drug detection spray, and many others
10
The Dangers of Technocorrections
Increasingly sterile and isolated environment for inmates
Overreliance on technology for security False sense of security
Potential for net-widening of those under correctional supervision in the community
Issues of privacy and civil rights
11
Corrections in the Community
Community-based programs keep offenders out of facilities
More humane than long-term institutionalization More economical than facilities May be more effective in reducing recidivism More risk management in probation and parole Continuation of restorative justice Increased emphasis on reentry issues
12
Glimpses of Reform
Some experts believe the get-tough era has peaked Legislation that encourages diversion and scales
back mandatory sentencing Economic concerns in the use of retributive
approaches Current practice still leans toward get-tough
and the effects this has on prison management
13
Development of Professionalism
The Development of professionalism is a compelling goal for staff and administrators in community corrections and correctional facilities Staff development and training Emphasis on ethics and integrity The implementation of standards and accreditation
14
Evaluation of Present Practices
There are many signs of professionalism in correctional service
Officers must see themselves as individuals of integrity
The no-frills, get-tough climate can make discussions of professionalism difficult
What Remains to be Done
There are a number of approaches that can be taken to increase professionalism in corrections: Advocate reform for who is sent to prison and sentencing
practices Agencies must develop clarity of purpose Increased use of accreditation Improve quality of prison construction and operations Eliminate any staff-sanctioned mistreatment of inmates Improve salaries Emphasis on ethics and integrity
16