Chapter 16 Tourism Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives Explain tourism and its relationship

Chapter16Tourism

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Objectives

• Explain tourism and its relationship to the economy.

• Describe the important documents needed for travel and tourism.

• Describe the technologies used in more secure travel.

• Relate important health and safety information to travel.

continued


Objectives

• Analyze categories of tourism destination areas.

• List several segments of tourism.• Compare and contrast types of tours and

cruises.• Summarize tourism factors that influence

communities and climate.• Discuss careers associated with the

tourism industry.


Tourism: The World’s Largest Industry

• The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines a tourist as someone who “travels to and stays in places outside the usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes”

• Domestic tourists travel within their own country

• International tourists travel to another country


Place

• Places are the spatial context for tourism—the unique physical places people can visit

• Sense of place is a person’s subjective orientation toward a place


Tourism and the Economy

• A tourism destination area (TDA) is a location that intentionally attracts visitors and brings in revenue through tourism

• Tourism helps build infrastructure• Tourists add money to a TDA by buying

lodging, food, and other goods and services• Tourists benefit their home economy by

buying transportation and other goods and services


National Tourism Marketing

• National tourism offices work to attract international tourists to their country

• The amount of money spent in a destination is influenced by the location of the travelers’ country of origin

• The U.S. Travel Association (USTA) promotes travel to and within the United States with marketing campaigns such as Brand USA


Documents for Travel and Tourism

• A passport is issued by a national government as proof of a person’s identity and citizenship

• A visa authorizes a noncitizen to enter, exit, or live in a country for a specified time– Travel agencies may obtain visas for their clients– Embassies and consulates can issue visas

• Instead of visas, some countries require a tourist card


A New World of Travel After 9/11

• The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, resulted in– additional security and protection of travelers– the creation of the Department of Homeland

Security (DHS)


New Technologies, New Initiatives

• “Smart” IDs are more difficult to counterfeit, include more data, and reduce wait times

• May include biometric identifiers such as– DNA samples– blood samples– voice recognition– fingerprints– iris scans

continued


New Technology, New Initiatives

• “Smart” IDs include– NEXUS – SENTRI – PASS– EDL (enhanced drivers license) or EI (enhanced

identification)• These IDs are not yet accepted everywhere

or for all types of travel


Travel Information

• Each country establishes the requirements needed to enter it

• The country of origin has requirements for reentry

• The U.S. Department of State provides information on travel requirements for citizens going abroad or foreign tourists coming to the United States


Tourism Destination Areas

• Tourism destination areas (TDAs) provide tourism infrastructure and market themselves to potential visitors

• Communities, regions, states, countries, or groups of countries can become TDAs

• A TDA is usually created around a central attraction, which may be natural or constructed


Seasonality

• A tourist destination area may be classified by seasonality according to its climate:– All season—popular year-round– Winter warm—“sun destinations”– Winter cold—ski resorts– Summer resort—lake or coastal areas


Destination Marketing Organizations

• A destination marketing organization (DMO) promotes the features of the destination to potential visitors in order to increase business

• DMOs may coordinate local festivals, events, and sports tournaments

• They may operate a convention and visitors’ bureau (CVB) to promote an area to convention groups and visitors


Segments of Tourism

• Sustainable development—promoting environmental protection

• Ecotourism—observing and preserving the natural environment and culture

• Heritage tourism—traveling to places that authentically represent history and culture

• Local interest—sites, festivals, and events• Voluntourism—tourism that includes

volunteering


Tours

• May be taken independently or with a group• Include at least two of the following:

– Transportation– Lodging– Meals– Entertainment– Attractions– Sightseeing activities


Types of Tours

• In independent tours, the itinerary is set by the traveler

• Domestic independent tours (DIT) or foreign independent tours (FIT) are custom-designed by a wholesaler or travel agent

• Hosted tours include a local host or guide• Escorted tours have a preset itinerary, and

an escort accompanies the travelers continued


Types of Tours

• A city guide is an expert who “steps on” a coach to act as a guide

• A site guide provides interpretation at the attraction

• A docent is a site guide who volunteers at a museum

• An interpreter is a mixture of a teacher and an actor


Cruises

• Cruise ships supply lodging, food, entertainment, recreation, and a high level of service

• Ships stop at various ports where passengers can disembark and visit local attractions

• Some ships are built to carry thousands of passengers; some carry only a few dozen


Tourism Impacts

• People and places are becoming more alike• Negative news spreads quickly and affects

travel and tourism• Tourism creates economic development• Exceeding a TDA’s carrying capacity can

damage its environment• Climate change can affect a TDA’s economy,

marketing, recreation, and tourism


Careers in Tourism

• Positions increasingly require a two- or four-year college degree

• Degree programs may be offered by family and consumer sciences or business departments in colleges, or by hotel or culinary schools

• Travel professionals can obtain Certified Tour Professional (CTP) certification


Tourism Professionals Promoting Peace

• The International Institute of Peace through Tourism (IIPT)– sponsors peace conferences for tourism

professionals– promotes local benefits in developing countries’

tourist destinations• The Peace Corps consists of American

volunteers who provide development assistance in foreign countries and promote cultural understanding


• What is a TDA?– A tourism destination area (TDA) is a location

that intentionally attracts visitors and brings in revenue through tourism.

• True or False? Smart IDs such as a NEXUS card eliminate the need for passports.– False; these IDs are not yet accepted

everywhere or for all types of travel.

Chapter 16 Review

continued


• A _____ promotes the features of a destination to potential visitors in order to increase business.– destination marketing organization (DMO)

• Which segment of tourism focuses on observing and preserving natural environment and culture?– ecotourism

Chapter 16 Review

continued


• Exceeding the carrying capacity of a TDA can damage its _____.– environment

• True or False? Careers in tourism typically require only a high school diploma. – False; most require a two- or four-year college

degree.

Chapter 16 Review