Chapter 16.3: Chapter 16.3: A Call for A Call for FreedomFreedom

Define the following terms:Define the following terms:

emancipate: emancipate: to free from slaveryto free from slavery

ratify:ratify: to give official approvalto give official approval

Emancipation. P. 473-474Emancipation. P. 473-474

From the start of the war From the start of the war through the Battle of Antietam, through the Battle of Antietam, what was Northerners’ main what was Northerners’ main goal?goal? To preserve the Union rather To preserve the Union rather than to destroy slavery.than to destroy slavery.

Why did Lincoln hesitate Why did Lincoln hesitate to move against to move against

slavery?slavery?.. Because of the border states. He Because of the border states. He knew that making an issue of slavery knew that making an issue of slavery would divide the people and make would divide the people and make the war less popularthe war less popular

Lincoln’s official position was that Lincoln’s official position was that he would do what he had to do to he would do what he had to do to preserve the Union. What was his preserve the Union. What was his

personal wish toward the slavespersonal wish toward the slaves??

““that all men everywhere could be that all men everywhere could be free.”free.”

How did Northerners feel the How did Northerners feel the slaves were helping the slaves were helping the

Confederacy?Confederacy?

Enslaved people in the confederacy Enslaved people in the confederacy raised crops used to feed the armies raised crops used to feed the armies and did the heavy work in the and did the heavy work in the trenches at the army camps.trenches at the army camps.

What did Congress do in What did Congress do in 1861 and 1862? 1861 and 1862?

Congress passed laws Congress passed laws that freed enslaved that freed enslaved people who were held by people who were held by those active in the those active in the rebellion against the rebellion against the UnionUnion..

Complete the chart with the factors Complete the chart with the factors that caused Lincoln to change his war that caused Lincoln to change his war

goals to include freeing enslaved goals to include freeing enslaved persons.persons.

Striking a blow against slavery would make Striking a blow against slavery would make Britain and France less likely to aid the South.Britain and France less likely to aid the South.

He was convinced that slavery helped the South He was convinced that slavery helped the South continue fighting. Every slave who worked continue fighting. Every slave who worked enabled a white Southerner to fight in the enabled a white Southerner to fight in the Confederate army.Confederate army.

Politically, he believed it important that the Politically, he believed it important that the president, not the antislavery republicans in president, not the antislavery republicans in Congress make the decision on ending slavery. Congress make the decision on ending slavery. “I must do the best I can and bear the “I must do the best I can and bear the responsibility responsibility

Why didn’t Lincoln Why didn’t Lincoln emancipate the slaves emancipate the slaves

immediately?immediately?

• He didn’t want to appear desperate He didn’t want to appear desperate when the North was losing the warwhen the North was losing the war

The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in which area? freed the slaves in which area?

How many slaves did it free when How many slaves did it free when it was issued?it was issued?

How many slaves had already How many slaves had already escaped to the Union lines? escaped to the Union lines?

Only in the states that the Only in the states that the Confederacy controlled. None. Confederacy controlled. None. 100,000100,000

What was the effect of What was the effect of the proclamation in the proclamation in

Europe?Europe? Britain took a strong position against Britain took a strong position against

slavery. Once Lincoln proclaimed slavery. Once Lincoln proclaimed emancipation, Britain and France emancipation, Britain and France decided to withhold recognition of decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacythe Confederacy

Which amendment Which amendment actually freed the actually freed the

slaves? When was it slaves? When was it passed?passed?

The Thirteenth Amendment was The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified in 1864ratified in 1864

How did slaves How did slaves contribute to the contribute to the

Confederate war effort?Confederate war effort? They labored on plantations and in They labored on plantations and in vital iron, salt, and lead mines. Some vital iron, salt, and lead mines. Some were nurses in military hospitals and were nurses in military hospitals and cooks in the army. By the end of the cooks in the army. By the end of the war, about 1/6 of the enslaved war, about 1/6 of the enslaved population had fled to areas population had fled to areas controlled by Union armies.controlled by Union armies.

Why did the Southerners Why did the Southerners refuse to use African refuse to use African American soldiers? American soldiers?

The possibility of a rebellion, and The possibility of a rebellion, and they didn’t want to give them they didn’t want to give them weapons.weapons.

What was Robert E. What was Robert E. Lee’s opinion on this Lee’s opinion on this

issue? Why? What were issue? Why? What were the results? the results? Lee supported using them and Lee supported using them and

believed that those who fought believed that those who fought should be freed. The Confederate should be freed. The Confederate Congress passed a law in 1865 to Congress passed a law in 1865 to enlist enslaved people, but it didn’t enlist enslaved people, but it didn’t include automatic freedom. The war include automatic freedom. The war ended before any regiment could be ended before any regiment could be organized.organized.

When African Americans When African Americans could not fight in the could not fight in the

Union army, what other Union army, what other ways did they help?ways did they help?

They were accepted in the Union They were accepted in the Union navy, they were good guides and navy, they were good guides and spies because of their knowledge of spies because of their knowledge of the South (if they had escaped from the South (if they had escaped from there), and some helped many there), and some helped many escape slavery (H. Tubman)escape slavery (H. Tubman)

How many African How many African Americans eventually Americans eventually

served the Union?served the Union? 10% of Union forces were African 10% of Union forces were African American by the end of the war. American by the end of the war. 200,000 served while 37,000 lost 200,000 served while 37,000 lost their lives defending the Union.their lives defending the Union.

Explain what happened Explain what happened to the 54to the 54thth

Massachusetts on July Massachusetts on July 18, 1863.18, 1863.

Led by white abolitionists, nearly ½ Led by white abolitionists, nearly ½ of the men were wounded, captured of the men were wounded, captured or killed when they attacked a or killed when they attacked a Confederate fortification near Confederate fortification near Charleston, SC.Charleston, SC.

How did Grant feel about How did Grant feel about African American African American

soldierssoldiers? ? He said, “they will make good He said, “they will make good

soldiers and taking them from the soldiers and taking them from the enemy weakens him in the same enemy weakens him in the same proportion they strengthen us.”proportion they strengthen us.”

Explain how slaves felt Explain how slaves felt when they saw African when they saw African

American soldiers.American soldiers.

They were overjoyed.They were overjoyed.