Upload
abigail-bartlett
View
224
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter 17
Imperialism:Imperialism:The U.S. Becomes a World PowerThe U.S. Becomes a World Power
From Isolationist to ImperialistAfter the Civil War Americans showed little
interest in expanding the nation’s territory outside the U.S. = Isolationism
Focused on reconstructing the South, building the nation’s industries and settling the West
1880s many Americans were convinced that the U.S. should become a World Power
Imperialism = the economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker ones
Why would the U.S. want to become an Imperial Nation?
1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests
2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests
Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
“The ships of war of the United States, in war, will be like land birds, unable to fly far from their own
shores. To provide resting places for them, where they can coal and repair, would be one of the first
duties of a government proposing to itself the development of the power of th nation at sea”
3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking
The White Man’sBurden
The White Man’sBurdenThe Hierarchy
of RaceThe Hierarchy
of Race
Manifest Destiny to the World?
“The work which the English race began when it colonized North America is destined to go on until every land… that is not already the seat of an old civilization shall become English in its language, in its religion, in political habits and traditions, and to a predominant extent in the blood of its people” John Fiske “ the Expansionists of 1898”
4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests
4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests
American Missionaries
in China, 1905
American Missionaries
in China, 1905
5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier
5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier
I. Building Support for ImperialismA Desire for New Markets
“We are making more than we can consume…making more than we can use. Therefore we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our neighbor”
A Need for military and strategic interests Enforce treaties and protect overseas investments Enhance the Navy’s ability to threaten or wage
warfareSocial Darwinist ThinkingReligious/Missionary InterestsThe Closing of the American Frontier
Review
U.S. Expands Overseas
EffectCauses
““Seward’s Folly”: 1867Seward’s Folly”: 1867““Seward’s Folly”: 1867Seward’s Folly”: 1867
$7.2 million$7.2 million
““Seward’s Icebox”: 1867Seward’s Icebox”: 1867““Seward’s Icebox”: 1867Seward’s Icebox”: 1867
II. Expansion in the PacificA. Alaska 1867 William Seward (Sec. of State under
Lincoln and Johnson) arranges to buy Alaska from Russia
Thought of as foolish by many (“Seward’s Icebox” or “Seward’s Folly”)
Became a state in 1959 for 2 cents an acre
Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853
Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853
The Japanese View of
Commodore Perry
The Japanese View of
Commodore Perry
II. Expansion in the PacificB. Japan
1852, President Franklin Pierce sends Matthew C. Perry to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty
1854 Japan opens two ports to trade with the U.S.
U. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in Hawaii
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii
U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii
1875 – 1875 – Reciprocity Reciprocity Treaty Treaty
1890 – 1890 – McKinley McKinley TariffTariff
1893 – AmericanAmericanbusinessmen backed businessmen backed ananuprising against uprising against Queen Queen Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard DoleSanford Ballard Dole
proclaims the proclaims the Republic Republic of Hawaii in 1894.of Hawaii in 1894.
Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils
To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
II. Expansion in the PacificC. Hawaii 1872 recession in Hawaii, the US exempts
Hawaiian sugar Tariff comes up for renewal and the Senate insists that
Hawaii give the U.S. exclusive rights to the naval base at Pearl Harbor
McKinley Tariff 1890 – subsidies to sugar producers in the U.S. causing the price of Hawaiian sugar to decline and therefore the economy of Hawaii to decline
1891 – Queen Liliuokalani became the Queen of Hawaii. 1893 – group of sugar planters with help of U.S. Marines
forced the Queen to give up power Planters set up a temporary government and ask the U.S. to
annex Hawaii
Trade and Diplomacy in Latin America
III. Trade and Diplomacy in Latin America
A. Pan-Americanism – The U.S. and Latin America will work together 1889 1st Pan-American Conference in Washington
D.C. Goals were to create customs union and a system to
work out disputes Both rejected by Latin Americans
Commercial Bureau of the American Republics Agreed to by the Latin Americans To promote cooperation among the nations of the
Western Hemisphere Today it is called the Organization of American States
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVtkZ6Sv16M
““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism
““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst
Hearst to Frederick Hearst to Frederick Remington:Remington: You furnish the You furnish the pictures,pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! and I’ll furnish the war!
video clip on yellow journalism
De Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter
Dupuy de Lôme, Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishSpanishAmbassador to the Ambassador to the U.S.U.S.
Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as McKinley as weak and weak and aabidder for the bidder for the admirationadmirationof the crowd, besidesof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be being a would-be politicianpoliticianwho tries to leave a who tries to leave a doordooropen behind himself open behind himself whilewhilekeeping on good termskeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hiswith the jingoes of hisparty.party.
Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
IV. The Coming of War with CubaA. Cuban rebels declare independence from
Spain, but rebellion failed and rebels escaped to U.S. Americans were neutral until…
B. Yellow Journalism William Randolph Hearst- New York Journal Joseph Pulitzer – New York World News articles with exaggerated stories of
Spanish attacks on Cubans Americans begin to side with Cuba
C. General Valeriano Weyler Spanish governor of Cuba Caused death of thousands of Cubans in
reconcentration camps
D. de Lome letter Spanish Ambassador to U.S., Enrique Dupuy
de Lome, wrote a letter describing President McKinley as weak
NY Journal prints the letter
E. USS Maine anchored in Havana, Cuba explodes Killed 266 American sailors
Look at the many items created to commemorate the sinking of the Maine
http://www.authentichistory.com/1898-1913/4-imperialism/2-saw/1-prelude/index.html
Listen to the song “Uncle Sam Tell Us why you are Waiting” and answer the questions in your notes
http://www.authentichistory.com/1898-1913/4-imperialism/2-saw/1-prelude/18980000_Uncle_Sam_Tell_Us_Why_Are_You_Waiting-George_J_Gaskin.html
Factors that led Americans to call for war with Spain in the late 1800s
The Spanish-American WarMake an illustrated timeline of the following events. Mark them as Pacific or Atlantic
April 23, 1898 blockade of Cuba April 24 – attack on the Spanish fleet in the Phillipines May 1898 – George Dewey destroyed the Spanish
warships in Manila Bay, Philippines and seized the island of Guam
June 1898 – troops attack El Caney and the Rough Riders (including Theodore Roosevelt) attack San Juan Heights
August 12, 1898 – Spain and US agree to a cease-fire December 10, 1898 – the Treaty of Paris is signed
Cuba becomes an independent country U.S. acquires Puerto Rico and Guam U.S. pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines
Revolution in the PhilippinesEmilio Aguinaldo – ordered troops to attack
American soldiers in the PhilippinesGen. MacArthur was forced to set up
reconcentration campsWilliam H. Taft (Gov. of the Philippines)
introduced new reforms in education, transportation and health care
Reforms lessened Filipino hostility
Puerto Rico 1900 congress passed
the Foraker Act making Puerto Rico an unincorporated territory
1917 Puerto Ricans made citizens of the U.S.
Have territorial government
No representation in Congress
CubaAfter the war the U.S. set up a military
government in Cuba. Cuba technically an independent country Platt Amendment
Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation that would weaken its power or allow another foreign power to gain territory in Cuba
Cuba had to allow the U.S. to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba
Cuba’s debts had to be kept low to prevent foreign countries from landing troops to enforce payment
The U.S. would have the right to intervene to protect Cuban independence and keep order
CUBA = PROTECTORATEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=IU5l4yQCpMM
America Becomes a World Power Times
For each of the topics below, create a headline for our newspaper and draw a picture to go with your headlineThe US in CubaThe US in the Philippines
American DiplomacyLate 1800s China was
divided into Spheres of Influence (trading zones)
The US did not have a sphere
The US encouraged an Open Door Policy in China (free trade with all countries)
Not well received by the Chinese
The Boxer RebellionBoxers = a secret
society in China that hated foreigners and the Open Door Policy
Wanted to kill all Foreigners
Captured some Americans
US Marines sent in to free hostages
China : People and Places clip (Empress Tsu Hsi and the Boxer Rebellion)
Panama CanalThe US Strongly
supported the building of the Panama Canal to make shipping easier
Building of the CanalThe US and President Theodore
Roosevelt helped the Panamanians in overthrowing Colombian Rule
Panama then allowed the US to construct the Canal
Roosevelt then issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineThe US will intervene in Latin American
affairs when it deemed necessary
America Becomes a World Power Times
Create a headline and picture for America and the Panama Canal