CHAPTER 17; SECTION 1Maddy Machen, Linzee Whiteley, Shelby Wilde, Giselle Lopez, Heidi Sandoval, Kaitlyn Sollender, and Kaydee Bungard

Vocab:

Imperialism- a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Extractive economy- A resource-based economy, dependent on harvesting or extracting natural resources for sale or trade, harvesting and exporting resources

Alfred T. Mahan- Alfred Thayer Mahan was a United States Navy admiral, geostrategist, and historian, who has been called “the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century.”

Social Darwinism- the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals

Vocab Continued…

Frederick J. Turner- United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history

Matthew Perry- United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan

Queen Liliuokalani- the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

The Causes of Imperialism

**The age of imperialism was a time when powerful nations engaged in a mad dash to extend their influence across much of the world.

It ranged from mid-1800s through the early 1900s.

European countries were one of the first to try out imperialism, Japan and the United States were soon to follow them.

Imperialists Seek Economic Benefits

**Raw materials and natural resources were one of the main benefits of Imperialism.

European nations and Japan sought out colonies that would provide tea, rubber, iron, petroleum, and other materials, for their industries at home.

Imperialists Seek Economic Benefits

They would usually remove the raw materials from the colony and ship them to the home country.

**Possession of colonies gave nations an edge in the competition for global resources.

Unlike the other world powers, the United States had few concerns about the shortage of raw materials in the 19th century.

Imperialists Seek Economic Benefits

The booming U.S. economy of the late 1800s was producing more goods than the Americans could consume.

**Farmers complained of declining crop prices and profits due to the excessive production.

**Industrialists urged expanding trade into new overseas markets where American commodities could be sold.

Imperialists Stress Military Strength

Military strength was built up to expand and protect their interest around the world

**Alfred T. Mahan played a key role in transforming America into a naval power.

Mahan believed that the U.S. needed to acquire foreign bases where American ships could refuel and gather fresh supplies.

Imperialists Stress Military Strength

Influenced my Mahan, the U.S. started to expand and modernize its navy by building new steel-plated, stream-powered battleships such as the USS Maine.

By 1900, the United States had the third largest navy in the world.

Imperialists Believe in National Superiority

• Imperialists around the world used ideas of racial, national, and cultural superiority to justify imperialism. Social Darwinism – only the fittest

survive** Some nations and races destined to

rule over “inferior” races and nations.** Some Americans feared the

European nations were taking over the world.

Japan

Before the 1800s, Japan cut off trade to many countries including the U.S.

This caused them to fall behind the rest of the world in military technology.

Matthew Perry

**In the mid 1800s, commodore Matthew Perry sailed a fleet of American warships into Tokyo Bay, Japan.

Since the Japanese had never seen these ships before, they first thought they were dragons puffing smoke.

Within a year, **Perry negotiated a treaty with Japan which opened up trade with the United States.

Matthew Perry from friends

Expansion of the Pacific Ocean

**Not only did Matthew Perry’s accomplishment open trade with Japan, it also set precedent for further expansion of the Pacific.

**In 1897, the U.S. took possession of the Midway Islands.

Seward Purchases Alaska

In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bough Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.

** Journalists scoffed at the purchase and referred to Alaska as "Seward’s Icebox”.

They wondered why the US would waste money on a vast tundra of snow and ice 1,000 miles north of their border.

**Seward’s purchase did double the size of the country.

** The “icebox” ended up being rich in timber, coal, oil, and other natural resources.

• Scholars today see Seward’s purchase as a key milestone in American history. (49th U.S. state on January 3, 1959 )

America and Latin America

James Blaine Had a part in influencing Latin America ** was chosen by president Roosevelt **Latin America lay on the heart of Blaine

foreign and his vision of America He brought issues to Latin America He was representative of America from 1863 to

1876

America and Latin America

The Venezuelan Crisis ** war in 1895 between America and the British British got upset because America was trying to

influence Latin America and British own some of Latin America

** British saw accept to untied state intervene in the dispute force

America and Latin America

Monroe Doctrine ** this was a warning against the

establishment of any additional European colonies in Latin America

British accept the Monroe doctrine during the crisis

** In 1823 British violated the Monroe doctrine

American Planters Increase Power

A group of American sugar planters under Sanford Ballad Dole overthrow Queen Liliuokalani.

President Grover Cleveland sent a new U.S. minister to Hawaii to restore Queen Liliuokalani to the throne under the 1887 constitution.

President William McKinley, negotiated a treaty with the Republic of Hawaii in 1897. In 1898, the Spanish-American War broke out.

**January 1893, a revolutionary “Committee of Safety,” organized by Sanford B. Dole, staged a coup against Queen Liliuokalani with the tacit support of the United States.

The U.S. Annexes Hawaii

America started to eye Hawaii around the 1820s.

Hawaii and it’s Sugar Trade

America got a hold of Hawaii as a result of the sugar trade.

Eventually, the U.S. government provided items to Hawaiian sugar growers, after the Civil War,

profits began to grow.

**The McKinley Tariff raised import rates on foreign sugar.

In 1890 Congress approved of the McKinley Tariff.

This led to Hawaiian sugar planters being undersold in the American Market. The

Island led to depression. Sugar growers, most white Americans, knew

that if Hawaii were to be **Annexed by the U.S., the tariff would disappear.

**Annexed: add territory to ones own territory by appropriation

U.S. finally annexes Hawaii

Around January 1893, Grover Cleveland had been inaugurated the President. Cleveland

believed that Americans had acted wrongly in Hawaii.

Because of an investigation Cleveland threw, the annexation was prolonged, after Cleveland

left office. Then War broke out with Spain in 1898,

Hawaiian naval bases outweighed all other considerations towards the Spanish Philippines.

**Finally, President McKinley signed joint resolution, annexing the islands.

Now, Hawaii became full American territory as the in 50th state in 1959.