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Chapter 17:Chapter 17:The U.S. in WWIIThe U.S. in WWII
Section 2:Section 2:The War for The War for Europe and Europe and North AfricaNorth Africa
Standards11.7 Students analyze 11.7 Students analyze America's participation America's participation in World War II.in World War II.
.2 Explain U.S. and Allied .2 Explain U.S. and Allied wartime strategy, including the wartime strategy, including the major battles of Midway, major battles of Midway, Normandy, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Normandy, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and the Battle of the Bulge.and the Battle of the Bulge.
ObjectivesFollowing lecture and Following lecture and reading of this section, reading of this section, students will be able to:students will be able to:1.Summarize the Allies’ plans for winning the war.
2.Identify events in the war in Europe.
3.Describe the liberation of Europe.
The U.S. & Britain Align War Plans- U.S. & Britain join in
alliance Churchill convinced FDR to go after Hitler
first, then JapanBritain still in danger of falling to Hitler
We needed them to stay in the war
The Battle of the Atlantic Hitler ordered U-boat (submarine) attacks
against supply ships to BritainWolf packs destroyed hundreds of ships in 1942
Allies organized convoys of cargo ships with escort destroyers with sonar; planes with radarConstruction of Liberty ships (cargo carriers)
increased
Important Reasons for AllianceImportant Reasons for Alliance1.1. FDR always considered Hitler to FDR always considered Hitler to
be the #1 threatbe the #1 threat Hitler pushed for world domination
2.2. Stalin, and USSR, who were now Stalin, and USSR, who were now allies needed help from us.allies needed help from us.
We did not want to allow the USSR to fail they were keeping Hitler occupied with war
3.3. The U.S. needed Britain and The U.S. needed Britain and USSR in order to defeat Japan, USSR in order to defeat Japan, and for the moment they were and for the moment they were busy with Hitler.busy with Hitler.
Once Hitler is out those who we are helping would help us.
The Battle of Stalingrad Hitler wanted to capture Caucasus oil fields
and destroy Stalingrad Stalingrad was strategically located on the
Volga R.Germany could choke out most of Russia by
controlling the flow of supplies on the river (Mississippi R.)
After a long struggle, the Soviets defeated the Germans in bitter winter campaignDeaths:
Germans 230,000 Soviets1,100,000 The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point
The Soviet army began to move towards Germany
The North African Front Stalin wanted some aid by the other
alliesStalin suggested the U.S. & Britain invade to Germany’s west (France) to force Hitler to send troops there
The U.S. & British decided to begin the campaign in North AfricaCommanded by General Dwight Eisenhower
General Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”) led Afrika Korps (Nazis) and surrendered in May 1943
The Italian Campaign From North Africa, the Allies
went northeast toward ItalyAllies decided to only accept the unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers
Sicily captured (summer 1943)Mussolini forced to resignHitler re-installs Mussolini as leader
1944 Allies win “Bloody Anzio”Germans continue strong resistance
Heroes in CombatAfrican Americans
Tuskegee AirmenBuffalo Soldiers
Highly decorated- lots of medals for heroism
Mexican-Americans17 received congressional medal of honor
Japanese-Americans442nd Regimental Combat Team
Most decorated unit in U.S. history
D-Day (Page 575) The first day of the Allied invasion
of EuropeAllies set up phantom army
Sent fake radio messages to fool Germans
Real attack cam 150 miles away from the fake attack
Eisenhower directed Allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day June 6, 1944Very difficult fightingGermans held the high ground but lost it
2 Fronts in Western Europe2 Fronts in Western Europe
USSR
North Africa
Paratroopers
Paratroopers
WWII, Sept 1944WWII, Sept 1944
Italy
North Africa
USSR
France
English C
hannel
France
GreatBritain
Great Britain
Great Britain
France
English Channel
Normandy, France
Axis PowersAxis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
Germany
ItalyVichy
France
PolandOccupied
USSRN
orw
ay Finland
Britain
Syria
USSR
Sw
eden
Turkey
North Africa
World War II Europe, 1942World War II Europe, 1942
Occupied France
North Africa
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
WWII, Early 1943WWII, Early 1943
WWII, 1942-1943WWII, 1942-1943
USSR
North Africa
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
After the Battle of
Stalingrad
Germany1944
WWII, July 1943WWII, July 1943Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
Italy
North Africa
USSR
English C
hannel
France
GreatBritain
Normandy, France
WWII, Sept 1944WWII, Sept 1944
Italy
North Africa
USSR
France
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
D-DayInvasion Germany
Yalta Conference
Yalta Yalta ConferenceConference
Harry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman
WWII, Sept 1944WWII, Sept 1944
Italy
North Africa
USSR
France
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
D-DayInvasion Germany
The Allies Gain Ground General Omar Bradley bombed to
create gap in enemy defense line General George Patton led the
Third ArmyThey reached Paris in AugustTaking back of Paris was a big step
The tide of the war had now turned
FDR was reelected for his 4th term with running mate Harry S. TrumanDon’t change horses mid-race
The Battle of the Bulge October 1944, Allies capture first
German town, Aachen Hitler had to do something
In December, German tank divisions drove 60 miles into Allied area Battle of the Bulge—Germans pushed back
allies Formed a bulge in the allied lines
The last German offensive A desperate attempt by Hitler to regain control
of the war Too many losses to Nazis in this battle to
continue
Liberation of the Death Camps
Allies move in on GermanySoviets from the east arrive in Poland and liberate concentration campsSoviets found:
Starving prisonersCorpsesEvidence of killing
Americans eventually find similar conditions in other camps all over Germany
Unconditional Surrender April 1945 Soviet army stormed Berlin
Hitler committed suicide Shot himself
Orders his body burned
Eisenhower (& allies) accepted unconditional surrender of Germany May 8, 1945, V-E Day
Victory in Europe Day
FDR died April 12, 1945 Vice President Harry S. Truman became
president Had to deal with Japan and aftermath of war
WWII, 1942WWII, 1942Axis PowersAxis Powers
GermanyGermany AustriaAustria CzechCzech PolandPoland NorwayNorway DenmarkDenmark NetherlandsNetherlands BelgiumBelgium FranceFrance FinlandFinland 1/3 of Russia1/3 of Russia RomaniaRomania
ItalyItaly AlbaniaAlbania GreeceGreece YugoslaviaYugoslavia Parts of N. AfricaParts of N. Africa
JapanJapan 1/3 of China1/3 of China Islands in PacificIslands in Pacific French IndochinaFrench Indochina ThailandThailand
BulgariaBulgaria HungaryHungary
Allied PowersAllied Powers Great BritainGreat Britain
EgyptEgypt CanadaCanada AustraliaAustralia IndiaIndia New ZealandNew Zealand South AfricaSouth Africa FijiFiji
¾ of USSR¾ of USSR ¾ of China¾ of China Iran Iran United StatesUnited States
MexicoMexico CubaCuba HaitiHaiti BrazilBrazil Costa RicaCosta Rica Dominican RepublicDominican Republic El SalvadorEl Salvador GuatemalaGuatemala HondurasHonduras NicaraguaNicaragua Panama & PeruPanama & Peru