Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
BellworkChapter 17 Vocabulary
Chapter 17Medieval and Renaissance
Section 17.1- Foundations of Western Classical MusicMusical Periods
â—Ź Medieval 450-1450â—Ź Renaissance 1450-1700â—Ź Baroque 1600-1759â—Ź Classical 1750-1825â—Ź Romantic 1825-1900â—Ź Modern 1900-Present Day
Roots of Classical Music● Traced back to Ancient Greece or Rome● “Court” music part of social world● Very little information about early music beyond the writings of ancient
historians and philosophers. â—Ź Artwork helps explain some instrumentsâ—Ź Pythagoras and Aristoxenus developed theories about relationships of
musical soundsâ—Ź Greeks established the octave as the basic mathematical unit in music.
Octave- a series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes one having twice or half the frequency of vibrations of the other.
Medieval Church Musicâ—Ź Medieval Period-Middle Agesâ—Ź 450-1450ADâ—Ź Church was in a leadership role in most fieldsâ—Ź Two main forms of music
â—‹ Plainsong-music with no strict meter or accompaniment, sung by a single voice or unison choir.
â– Monophonic- single melodic lineâ—‹ Parallel Organum- compositional method in which two voice parts sing the same melody,
one a perfect 4th or 5th higher than the otherâ—‹ First attempt at harmony
Hymn to St. John the Baptistâ—Ź Gregorian Chantâ—Ź Named for Pope Gregory, leader of the church from 590-604â—Ź Latin text eventually used as the basis of Solmization
Breakthroughs in Medieval Music● Teaching by “rote” or orally for many generations● Score- written notation● Neumes- markings over and under the text to signal pitch changes
Solmizationâ—Ź Guido of Arezzo- Benedictine Monkâ—Ź Based on 4 line staffâ—Ź The higher the placement the note on the staff, the higher the pitchâ—Ź Solmization- the method of assigning a syllabic name to each tone of the
scaleâ—Ź Solmization=Solfege= DO-RE-MIâ—Ź Used Hymn to St. John the Baptist as a guide
Rise of Secular Music● Secular Music- Non-Religious● Not common since church was all powerful at that time● Typically used for singing and dancing● Featured instruments and was monophonic in texture● “Estampie”● 12th-14th Centuries, Troubadours walked Europe singing of news and
love.● “Prendes i Garde”
Bellwork 2/6 and 2/7What is the difference between plainsong and parallel organum?
Who was Guido of Arezzo and what is he known for?
The Renaissance● 1450-1700● Means “Rebirth and Revival of Human Creativity”● Change in thinking began in Italy and spread North.● Secularism asserted itself● Humanism rose, drove society away from the church’s all-powerful
authority.â—Ź Major influences were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.
Renaissance Musicâ—Ź Primarily Vocal
â—‹ Motetâ– Polyphonic choral compositions based on sacred texts
â—‹ Madrigalâ– Non-religious vocal works in several parts (usually 5)
â—Ź Composers utilized counterpointâ—‹ Counterpoint- voices are harmonically interdependent, yet independent in rhythm and
contour
â—Ź New emphasis on instrumental musicâ—‹ No longer just supported voices, but received their own parts
Renaissance Musicâ—Ź Instrumental composer Michael Pretorius (1571-1621)â—Ź Wrote many sacred hymns, motets, and songs as well as secular
madrigals, songs, and dance pieces. ● “La Bourree” from Terpsichore (1612)● Showcases the elemental possibilities of instruments of the period.● Includes shawms, flute like recorders, and krummhorns.
Word Painting● Music that portrays the meaning of the words of the text● “ As Vesta Was Descending”● Sir Thomas Weelkes (1575-1623)● 6 voice madrigal● Singers use the written music to express the text
Sacred Music in the Renaissanceâ—Ź Motet and Massâ—Ź Mass
â—‹ Extended work of 5 sectionsâ– Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei
â—Ź Pope Marcellus Massâ—‹ Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)
â—Ź Kyrieâ—‹ Kyrie Eleison- Lord Have Mercy Upon Usâ—‹ Christe Eleison- Christ Have Mercy Upon Usâ—‹ Kyrie Eleison- Lord Have Mercy Upon Us
Trace the transition in texture…..1. ME-Monophonic-(Singular/unison)- Plain Song/Parallel Organum
2. Ren-Polyphonic-Counterpoint (Lines can stand independently on their own, but work as a whole too)-Madrigal/Motet
3. Bar-Homophonic- Richer Harmony-Melody line with chords sounding underneath- Concerto
Quiz 1Answer the following questions:
1. The Greeks created what unit to measure music?2. Name the 2 types of Medieval Church music discussed in the text and explain
each.3. Guido of Arezzo was credited with what system we still use today?4. There were two types of vocal music in the Renaissance discussed. What were
they and explain.5. Sacred music in the Renaissance included ________ and __________.
