Chapter 18 Industry and Urban Growth 1865-1915. Chapter 18 Aim: to identify why industry boomed. Do now: What is the state of the economy like in the

Chapter 18 Industry and Chapter 18 Industry and Urban GrowthUrban Growth

1865-19151865-1915

Chapter 18Chapter 18

Aim: to identify why industry boomed.Aim: to identify why industry boomed.

Do now: What is the state of the Do now: What is the state of the economy like in the West?economy like in the West?

United States becomes an United States becomes an Industrial LeaderIndustrial Leader

U.S. has a greater concentration of U.S. has a greater concentration of the most needed natural resources for the most needed natural resources for modern industry.modern industry.

Among these include:Among these include: Iron OreIron Ore CoalCoal LumberLumber OilOil Mineral Resources (gold, silver, etc.)Mineral Resources (gold, silver, etc.)

Chapter 18Chapter 18section 1section 1

Advances in Oil and Steel Advances in Oil and Steel IndustriesIndustries

Oil & Steel = 2 fastest Oil & Steel = 2 fastest growing industries in late growing industries in late 1800's1800's

Kerosene, one of first Kerosene, one of first products to be refined, products to be refined, used to light lampsused to light lamps

Gasoline, created from oil Gasoline, created from oil led to the creation of led to the creation of many new jobsmany new jobs

**Bessemer ProcessBessemer Process = a = a method for producing a method for producing a stronger type of steelstronger type of steel

Chapter 18Chapter 18

Aim: to identify significant inventors of Aim: to identify significant inventors of the 19the 19thth and 20 and 20thth centuries centuries

Do now: What was the impact of the Do now: What was the impact of the Bessemer Process?Bessemer Process?

Chapter 18Chapter 18Section 1Section 1

Inventors and InventionsInventors and Inventions PatentPatent – a document giving – a document giving

someone the sole right to make and someone the sole right to make and sell an invention.sell an invention.


Thomas EdisonThomas Edison Research facility in Research facility in

Menlo Park, New Menlo Park, New JerseyJersey

Invented the Light Invented the Light bulb, Motion Picture bulb, Motion Picture Camera, Camera, Phonograph and Phonograph and hundreds morehundreds more


Phonograph Motion Picture Camera


Alexander Graham Alexander Graham BellBell

Invented telephone Invented telephone in 1876in 1876

Replaced the Replaced the telegraphtelegraph

Patent for telephone Patent for telephone was the most was the most valuable ever.valuable ever.


“Mr. Watson, Come here. I want you.”


Henry FordHenry Ford Made automobile Made automobile

available to millionsavailable to millions Assembly LineAssembly Line – –

manufacturing manufacturing method in which a method in which a product is put product is put together as it together as it moves along a beltmoves along a belt



Wilbur and Orville Wilbur and Orville WrightWright

Tested gas powered Tested gas powered airplane at Kitty airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Hawk, North Carolina in 1903Carolina in 1903

First plane flew 12 First plane flew 12 seconds for 120 feetseconds for 120 feet

Longest flight lasted Longest flight lasted 59 seconds59 seconds



George Eastman: CameraChristopher Sholes: Typewriter


Aim: to discuss the growth of big business

Do Now: List one inventor we learned yesterday who has made an impact on your life and why.


Aim: to identify the impact of Big Business Owners

Do Now: How did the assembly line impact the growth of business?


New Business Entrepreneur- someone

who sets up new business to make a profit

Corporation- business owned by many investors

Banks lend large amounts of money to corporations, industry grows fast and banks get rich


Monopoly- a company that controls most or all of its business.


Andrew Carnegie Poor Scottish

immigrant Worked his way up

in the railroad industry

His companies owned iron mines, steel mills, railroads, and shipping lines.


John D. Rockefeller Invested in Oil

company Formed Standard

Oil Trust Trust- group of

corporations run by a single board of directors


Aim: to identify the conditions of the workplace.

Do now: Was Big Business good or bad for the nation? Explain


Critics believed in Free Enterprise – privately owned businesses compete freely

Others believed big business owners boosted economy and created jobs

Big businesses believed in “survival of the fittest”


Conditions in the Workplace

Before Civil War, factories were small

As industry grew, factories grew, millions of immigrants worked in factories


Women and Children

Women and Children worked in factories under terrible conditions and long hours

Textile, bottle, tobacco, and garment factories



Dangerous conditions

Lung disease from fibers and dust

Steelworkers were burned or killed by molten metal

Employers felt conditions were necessary to cut costs


Aim: to analyze primary sources on Big Business

Do Now: What conditions led to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?


Workers Unite Due to dangerous

working conditions & tragedies like the Triangle Shirt Waste Factory Fire, labor unions formed


Knights of Labor- 1879 grew strong

Public rallies instead of strikes

Violence at Haymarket Square gave negative image from public


Samuel Gompers- created American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Admitted only skilled workers

Collective Bargaining- union negotiates with management for workers as a group

Worked well, but only included a fraction of the workers.


Women lead the way in forming unions

1893 severe economic depression

Pullman Strike Chicago, George

Pullman cuts pay by 25%

Workers go on strike, including railroad workers.

Strike turned violent, public sided with owners


Medal of Honor

In their own words

Salvatore Giunta

Giunta Story

http://www.youtube.com/user/CMOHFoundation

http://www.cmohs.org/recipient-detail/3471/giunta-salvatore-a.php

http://www.cmohs.org/recipient-detail/3471/giunta-salvatore-a.php

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1L5Kx1Zz_4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1L5Kx1Zz_4


Aim: to identify the growth of the American City

Do Now: Why did the public have a negative opinion about Unions

*Quiz Tomorrow: Chapter 18 sections 1-3


Rapid Growth Urbanization:

rapid growth of city populations

1860, 1 in 5 people lived in cities

1890, 1 in 3 lived in cities

U.S. has cities comparable to Paris and London


New technology helped cities grow Elevated trains, electric street car, subway

trains, elevators, steel framed buildings Steel bridges and public transportation

allowed people to live in suburbs Buildings were built upward, first

“skyscraper” was 10 stories


City Life Tenements= buildings divided into

tiny apartments 10 people often lived in single room Settlement House= center offering

help to urban poor


Department Stores= downtown shopping attracts tons of people

Leisure Activity= Museums, orchestras, art galleries, theatres, Circuses

Sports= 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings 1891 James Naismith


Aim: to identify the difficult journey of an immigrant

Do Now: What did people do for leisure in the cities


A fresh Start Between 1865-1915 25 million

immigrants came to the U.S.


Push Factors Dwindling

farmland in home country

Religious freedom

Political unrest

Pull Factors•Land of opportunity•Availability of jobs•Promise of freedom


Starting a new life Trip by boat was

miserable Many crammed

into steerage, large compartments below decks usually holding cattle



Most people from Europe went through Ellis Island

Asian immigrants entered through Angel Island in San Francisco

Rigorous physical exams

Disabled and ill could be sent home

Documents

Chapter 18 Industry and Urban Growth 1865-1915. Chapter 18 Aim: to identify why industry boomed. Do now: What is the state of the economy like in the