Chapter 18 Respiratory Care

8/12/2019 Chapter 18 Respiratory Care

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Chapter 18Respiratory Care

Health CareScience

Technology

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.



Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 182

Objectives

Define the respiratory system.

Summarize the services provided byrespiratory care professionals.

Identify diagnostic and therapeutic

procedures performed by a respiratory

therapist.

Identify the therapeutic effects and

hazards of oxygen therapy.




Objectives (cont.)

Order the steps for providing oxygen.

Assess the advantages anddisadvantages of aerosolized medications.

Evaluate the outcomes of medicatedaerosol therapy.

Give reasons for performing hyperinflationtherapy.

Successfully complete 3 respiratoryprocedures.




Careers in Respiratory Care 18-1

The Certified Respiratory Therapist and

the Registered Respiratory Therapist The Pulmonary Function Technologist

Anatomy and Physiology of theRespiratory System

Respiratory Diagnostic Procedures Respiratory Therapeutic Procedures

Mechanical Ventilation








http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-18-respiratory-care 8/35Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 188

Anatomy and Physiology

of the Respiratory System

Components of the respiratory system:

– Upper air passages. – The lungs.

– The bloodstream.

–

Muscles that cause inhaling and exhaling. The job of the respiratory system:

– To bring oxygen into the body.

– To expel carbon dioxide.



Anatomy and Physiology

of the Respiratory System (cont.)

The airways consist of:

– Nasal passages. – Oral cavity (the mouth).

– Throat or pharynx.

– Voice box or larynx.

– Windpipe. – Bronchi (main airways in

the lungs).

– Bronchioles (airways offthe bronchi).



Respiratory Diagnostic Procedures

Help assess the level of lung

function. Determine whether specific

types of illness or conditions

are present.





Mechanical Ventilation

Reasons to use:

– To keep moving enoughoxygen into the bloodstream

and removing enough

carbon dioxide from the

lungs when other respiratory

procedures fail.

– When the client has gone

into respiratory arrest

(stopped breathing).



Section 18-1

Apply Your Knowledge

Certified Respiratory Therapists

and Registered RespiratoryTherapists must pass boards

given by what agency?

Answer:

National Board for Respiratory Care

(NBRC).



Respiratory Care Procedures 18-2

Oxygen Therapy

Medicated Aerosol Therapy

Hyperinflation Therapy



Oxygen Therapy

Common lung diseases can

lower the level of oxygen in theblood, causing the need for

supplemental oxygen.

Oxygen is considered a drugand must be ordered by a

physician.



Oxygen Therapy (cont.)

Reasons for Oxygen Therapy

– Low levels of oxygen in the blood(hypoxemia).

– Work demands of breathing.

– Work of the heart.




Nasal Cannula Simple Mask

Oxygen Delivery Devices




Monitoring Oxygen Therapy

– Improvements expected with oxygentherapy:

Client’s thinking ability should improve.

Shortness of breath (SOB) should decrease.

Vital signs should become closer to normal.

PaO2 should rise to an acceptable level.

Pulse oximetry values should improve.




Hazards of Oxygen Therapy

– Oxygen toxicity – too much oxygenfor too long a time.

– Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) –

high oxygen levels in infants. – Atelectasis – lung collapse.



Medicated Aerosol Therapy

Causes airways to open up, or

bronchodilate. Has minimal side effects, since

the medication travels directly

into the lungs.



Medicated Aerosol Therapy (cont.)

The Advantages of Aerosolized

Medications – Can use smaller doses.

– Act very quickly.

– Side effects are minimal.

– Convenient, easy, and painless touse.

– Can be used at home.




The Disadvantages of Aerosolized

Medications – Difficult to administer the correct

dosage each time.

– Difficult to teach the client how to

use. – Health care providers may not know

how to instruct the client on theproper techniques.





Types of Drugs Given by Aerosol

– Nasal decongestants – Containvasoconstrictors, drugs that decrease the

blood flow to nose vessels causing nasal

passages to open.

–

Bronchodilators – Drugs that increase thediameter of lung airways.

– Antiasthmatics – Used to prevent or

decrease the number of asthma attacks.





Types of Drugs Given by Aerosol (cont.)

– Corticosteroids – Drugs that may be inhaledand are used for anti-inflammatory

maintenance.

– Mucolytics – Drugs used to break down

secretions within the lungs. – Antimicrobials – Used to treat a number of

bacterial and fungal pulmonary infections.





Aerosol Drug Delivery System

– The Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)The most commonly used aerosol drug

delivery system.

A small portable pressurized device that

delivers medication to the lungs.

Consists of a canister that contains a

pressurized gas propellant and

medication.





Metered Dose Inhaler Accessories

– Add-on devices include: spacer, holdingchamber, and extension device.

– Advantages of using accessories are:Medication enters through the client’s mouth

and does not hit the face.

Particle size is kept consistent.

Client is able to inhale particles more deeply

into lungs.






Hyperinflation Therapy

Also known as lung expansion

therapy. Partial or full lung collapse is

known as atelectasis.

Used when the client is unableto take an occasional deep

breath.








Hyperinflation Therapy (cont.)

Incentive spirometer is used to

prevent or treat existing atelectasis. Clients who may be prone to

atelectasis :

– Have had upper abdominal surgery.

– Have had thoracic (chest) surgery.

– Have chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD).




Hyperinflation Therapy (cont.)

Clients who may be prone to

atelectasis (cont.): – Are undergoing or have

undergone surgery.

– Have been bedridden for extended

periods of time. – Are heavy smokers and are

undergoing or have undergonesurgery.




Section 18-2

Apply Your Knowledge

What is another name for

hyperinflation therapy?

Answer:

Lung expansion therapy.




Procedures in Student Text

18A Administering Oxygen

18B Delivering an MDI Treatment

18C Administering Incentive

Spirometry (IS)



35

Chapter 18 Credits

Slide 12 Courtesy Mallinckrodt, Inc.

Slide 17 Aaron Haupt

Slide 30 Doug Martin

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Chapter 18 Respiratory Care