Chapter 19 Microbiology & Biotechnology

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

What is a micro-organism?

An organism in a single cell…

Examples of micro-organisms:

• Bacteria – e.g. E.coli, Samonella

• Virus - e.g. flu virus, HIV

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

How “micro” is a micro-organism?

click on the image to find out…

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

How do micro-organisms grow?

click on the image to see…

Each cell divides to give two/four/eight…..

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

How can I see micro-organisms?

If micro-organisms are given the right conditions, they will grow in numbers large enough to let us see a group of them…

www.juniorscience.ie

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

What conditions do micro-organisms need in order to multiply?

Micro-organisms need:

•Food•Correct temperature•Suitable medium on which to grow…

www.junioscience.ie

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

What food do micro-organisms like?

Any source of carbohydrate and protein e.gBovril, chicken stock, or milk…

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

What is a suitable temperature?

Bacteria grow quickly between 300C and 400C

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

What is a suitable medium?

Micro-organisms can be easily seen growing in colonies if a clear medium is usede.g.agar jellygelatin

OB65 investigate the presence of microorganisms in air and soil

How do I recognise micro-organisms?

Colonies of bacteria are seen as ‘blobs’ on the surface of the medium…

OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil

Different soils contain different bacteria

http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/epfs/Soilqualityandbiologicalindicators.htm

http://library.thinkquest.org/26467/enviromental_health.htm

How does a virus spread from person to person through the air?

OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria

Name some common illnesses….

Common illnesses caused by microorganisms:

food poisoningmeningitis

bronchitis

flu

cold

septic throat

AIDS

OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria

Which are caused by bacteria and which by virus?

food poisoningmeningitis

bronchitis

flu

cold

septic throat

AIDS

click here to check your answers

OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria

BACTERIAL VIRAL

food poisoning cold

septic throat flu

bronchitis AIDS

meningitis can be caused by either

OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria

YOUR TASK: find out which micro-organism causes the following:

verucca

spots

pneumonia

warts

rabies

ulcers

ANTIBIOTICS…these are chemical made by some micro-organisms to kill bacteria. Humans have learned to use them as a medicine. With that in mind, what is your answer to each of the following?

• Why are we advised to eat natural yogurt when we are taking antibiotics?• Why is it useless to take antibiotics to try to cure a cold or flu?• Why is it important that we finish a course of antibiotics fully?

http://www.uio.no/conferences/imc7/NFotm2000/February2000.htm

Penicillin is produced by the fungus we call ‘blue mould’

This image is of a bird flu virus

http://www.influenza-pandemic.com/page1.html

BIRD FLU VIRUS…an epidemic of flu began spreading through the worlds bird population in 2005. What is your answer to the following?

•Why is it that the larger the flock of birds, the more quickly the flu spreads among them?Why does it spread more quickly in indoor flocks than in outdoor flocks?Why are all members of an infected flock slaughtered?

Do you know?

During World War One,what caused the majority of deaths?The flu – it killed over 20 million people

Biotechnology

OB66State two uses of biotechnology in industry and two uses of biotechnology in medicine

OB66 state two uses of biotechnology in industry and two uses of biotechnology in medicine

What is biotechnology?

Biotechnology is the use of living

things to make products

OB66 state two uses of biotechnology in industry and two uses of biotechnology in medicine

Bacteria in vaccinationsYeast in bread production

Fungi in antibiotic productionYeast in alcohol production

Do you know more uses?

Enzymes in contact lens cleaners

Bacteria in yogurt production

MedicineIndustry

Some uses of biotechnology in…