Chapter 19Chapter 19Prenatal Development and Prenatal Development and

BirthBirth

Pick up the Chapter 19 Packet.Pick up the Chapter 19 Packet.

Conception and ImplantationConception and Implantation

Fertilization (a.k.a. Conception) is Fertilization (a.k.a. Conception) is the union of a the union of a male sperm cell and a female egg cellmale sperm cell and a female egg cell. Picture . Picture on Page 486 (Look at it)on Page 486 (Look at it)

First TrimesterFirst Trimester Implantation, which is defined as, Implantation, which is defined as, the attachment of the attachment of

the zygote to the uterine wallthe zygote to the uterine wall, takes place., takes place. Three tissue layers form, which become the Three tissue layers form, which become the

respiratoryrespiratory and digestive systems; the muscles, and digestive systems; the muscles, bones, bones, blood vesselsblood vessels, and skin; and the , and skin; and the nervous nervous systemsystem, sense organs and mouth., sense organs and mouth.

FertilizationFertilization

ImplantationImplantation

First Trimester (cont.)First Trimester (cont.)

The The amniotic sacamniotic sac grows around the embryo for grows around the embryo for protection.protection.

The The umbilical cordumbilical cord connects the embryo to the connects the embryo to the mother’s mother’s placenta.placenta.

During this time, all organs form, the heart starts During this time, all organs form, the heart starts beating, beating, the cardiovascular system begins to the cardiovascular system begins to function, function, and and a human profile develops.a human profile develops.

End of First Trimester is 14 weeks gestation.End of First Trimester is 14 weeks gestation.

Second TrimesterSecond Trimester

Further Changes:Further Changes: Formation of eyebrows and EyelashesFormation of eyebrows and Eyelashes Ability to blink eyesAbility to blink eyes Full proportion of limbsFull proportion of limbs Ability to grasp and kickAbility to grasp and kick Ability to hear conversationAbility to hear conversation Increase in weightIncrease in weight Regular cycle of waking and sleepingRegular cycle of waking and sleeping

20 Weeks Gestation20 Weeks Gestation

Third TrimesterThird Trimester

Begins at 28 weeksBegins at 28 weeks Other Developments:Other Developments:

Use of all five senses.Use of all five senses. Passing of water from bladderPassing of water from bladder Some dreaming during sleepSome dreaming during sleep Weight of 6-9 poundsWeight of 6-9 pounds

Third Trimester Ends at 40 Weeks, Third Trimester Ends at 40 Weeks, although baby could survive with little or although baby could survive with little or no problems at 37 weeks gestation.no problems at 37 weeks gestation.

37 Weeks & 40 Weeks Gestation37 Weeks & 40 Weeks Gestation

LaborLabor

Stage 1: DilationStage 1: Dilation Stage 2 : Passage through the birth canal.Stage 2 : Passage through the birth canal. Stage 3 : Afterbirth (delivery of the Stage 3 : Afterbirth (delivery of the

placenta).placenta).

Chapter 19 Lesson 2 Chapter 19 Lesson 2 Warm UpWarm Up

In your packet from yesterday,In your packet from yesterday,

Copy the Vitamin information Copy the Vitamin information from page 493 on #2 on Activity from page 493 on #2 on Activity

#70.#70.

#1 – Why are prenatal visits #1 – Why are prenatal visits important?important?

During prenatal visits the female will have During prenatal visits the female will have a complete physical that includes blood a complete physical that includes blood tests and a pelvic exam, in order to identify tests and a pelvic exam, in order to identify and treat any problems as early as and treat any problems as early as possible. Weight and blood pressure are possible. Weight and blood pressure are also monitored throughout the pregnancy.also monitored throughout the pregnancy.

#3 - Why should you avoid…#3 - Why should you avoid…

CaffeineCaffeine? A high intake of caffeine during ? A high intake of caffeine during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of birth defects and low birth weight.of birth defects and low birth weight.

AlcoholAlcohol? Alcohol consumed during pregnancy ? Alcohol consumed during pregnancy quickly passes through the umbilical cord to the quickly passes through the umbilical cord to the fetus. The fetus breaks down the alcohol slower, fetus. The fetus breaks down the alcohol slower, and can result in permanent damage – Fetal and can result in permanent damage – Fetal Alcohol Syndrome – creates physical and mental Alcohol Syndrome – creates physical and mental problems.problems.

#3 - Why should you avoid…#3 - Why should you avoid…

TobaccoTobacco? Higher risk of low birth weight, ? Higher risk of low birth weight, premature babies, and infant deaths. Also may premature babies, and infant deaths. Also may affect the growth, mental development, and affect the growth, mental development, and behavior of child until 11 years old.behavior of child until 11 years old.

DrugsDrugs? Prescription, over-the-counter, and ? Prescription, over-the-counter, and illegal drugs can harm the mother and fetus illegal drugs can harm the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Can harm fetal development during pregnancy. Can harm fetal development – serious birth defects, premature labor, or – serious birth defects, premature labor, or miscarriage. Baby can be born addicted to the miscarriage. Baby can be born addicted to the drugs used during pregnancy.drugs used during pregnancy.

#3 - Why should you avoid…#3 - Why should you avoid… LeadLead? Has been linked to miscarriage, low birth ? Has been linked to miscarriage, low birth

weight, mental disabilities, and behavior weight, mental disabilities, and behavior problems in children.problems in children.

SmogSmog? Linked to birth defects, low birth weight, ? Linked to birth defects, low birth weight, premature birth, stillbirth, and infant death. premature birth, stillbirth, and infant death. Greatest risk during 2Greatest risk during 2ndnd month of pregnancy. month of pregnancy.

RadiationRadiation? (Xrays) can affect fetal growth and ? (Xrays) can affect fetal growth and cause mental retardation.cause mental retardation.

Cat LitterCat Litter? Can cause disease called ? Can cause disease called toxoplasmosis – can result in miscarriage, toxoplasmosis – can result in miscarriage, premature labor, and health problems in premature labor, and health problems in newborns.newborns.

#4#4

Two complications that can occur are Two complications that can occur are miscarriage and stillbirth. Receiving the miscarriage and stillbirth. Receiving the proper prenatal care during pregnancy can proper prenatal care during pregnancy can reduce the risk or severity of any problems reduce the risk or severity of any problems that do arise.that do arise.

Rest of PacketRest of Packet

Complete Activities 71 and 72 on your Complete Activities 71 and 72 on your own, turn in the packet when you are own, turn in the packet when you are finished.finished.

It will be graded.It will be graded. If you do not finish it today, take it home If you do not finish it today, take it home

and it is due tomorrow at the beginning of and it is due tomorrow at the beginning of the period.the period.