Chapter 19 Section 1Chapter 19 Section 1

East AfricaEast Africa

CountriesCountries BurundiBurundi DjiboutiDjibouti EritreaEritrea EthiopiaEthiopia KenyaKenya SomaliaSomalia RwandaRwanda SeychellesSeychelles TanzaniaTanzania UgandaUganda

A Trading CoastA Trading Coast

A place where early civilizations A place where early civilizations developeddeveloped

Important civilization was Important civilization was AksumAksum Emerged in present day Ethiopia in 100 A.D. Emerged in present day Ethiopia in 100 A.D.

(its location on the Red Sea and Indian Ocean (its location on the Red Sea and Indian Ocean made it an important trading center)made it an important trading center)

People here traded with Egypt and Eastern People here traded with Egypt and Eastern Roman EmpireRoman Empire

Aksum declines in power in 600 A.D.Aksum declines in power in 600 A.D.

Colonization Disrupts AfricaColonization Disrupts Africa

Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa Industrialized nations became interested in Industrialized nations became interested in

Africa’s raw materialsAfrica’s raw materials Did not want to fight over the AfricaDid not want to fight over the Africa

• Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference- (1884-1885) 14 European - (1884-1885) 14 European nations convene to lay down rules for dividing nations convene to lay down rules for dividing AfricaAfrica

no African ruler was invited to attendno African ruler was invited to attend

Scramble for Africa Cont’dScramble for Africa Cont’d The nations decided that any European country The nations decided that any European country

could claim land in Africa by telling other nations could claim land in Africa by telling other nations of their claims and by showing they could control of their claims and by showing they could control the areathe area

The European nations divided Africa without The European nations divided Africa without regard to where African ethnic or linguistic regard to where African ethnic or linguistic groups livedgroups lived They set boundaries that combined peoples who were They set boundaries that combined peoples who were

traditional enemies and divided others who were nottraditional enemies and divided others who were not Often cited as the root cause of the political violence Often cited as the root cause of the political violence

and ethnic conflict in Africa in the 20and ethnic conflict in Africa in the 20thth century century

Conflict in East AfricaConflict in East Africa

By the 1970’s most of East Africa had By the 1970’s most of East Africa had regained its independence regained its independence

Internal disputes and civil wars big Internal disputes and civil wars big problemproblem Ethnic boundaries created by Europeans Ethnic boundaries created by Europeans

forced cultural divisions that had not existed forced cultural divisions that had not existed before colonialismbefore colonialism

Cultural divisions often caused internal Cultural divisions often caused internal conflicts among native groupsconflicts among native groups

Farming and Tourism EconomyFarming and Tourism Economy

East Africa is more than 70% ruralEast Africa is more than 70% rural Since colonization countries have relied Since colonization countries have relied

more on more on cash cropscash crops People are moving more rapidly to the citiesPeople are moving more rapidly to the cities

Tourism one of main economic activitiesTourism one of main economic activities Vast wildlife parksVast wildlife parks

Cultures of East AfricaCultures of East Africa

Masai- east African ethnic group that lives Masai- east African ethnic group that lives on the grasslands of the rift valleys in on the grasslands of the rift valleys in Kenya and TanzaniaKenya and Tanzania Herd livestock and farm landHerd livestock and farm land

Kikuyu- largest ethnic group in KenyaKikuyu- largest ethnic group in Kenya Homeland centered around Mount KenyaHomeland centered around Mount Kenya Traditionally herdersTraditionally herders

Health Care in AfricaHealth Care in Africa

AIDS- has become a pandemic AIDS- has become a pandemic (uncontrollable outbreak of disease)(uncontrollable outbreak of disease)